Obesidade na adolescência: um olhar sobre os conhecimentos e opiniões dos alunos do 2º e 3º ciclos
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2015-03-04
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A obesidade é uma doença crónica, multifatorial e multisistémica. Emergiu como a nova doença crónica ao longo das últimas duas décadas, constituindo um grave problema de saúde pública. Na idade pediátrica, a prevalência da obesidade tem também vindo a aumentar em termos globais, sendo atualmente considerada a doença crónica mais comum nesta idade. Atualmente, mais de 300 milhões de indivíduos são considerados obesos e 1,2 biliões, ou seja, 34% da população mundial, é considerada como tendo excesso de peso (OMS, 2006).
A Organização Mundial de Saúde (2006), colocou a obesidade entre os dez principais fatores de risco para a saúde nos dias de hoje, considerando a prevenção da epidemia como um desafio prioritário da saúde pública. A prevalência da obesidade em muitos países está acima do limiar crítico de 15% estabelecido pela OMS para situações epidémicas e a necessitar de intervenção.
Durante a adolescência, o excesso de peso e a obesidade constituem frequentemente uma sobrecarga ao processo de desenvolvimento, podendo resultar em problemas psicossociais graves. Com este estudo pretendeu-se identificar os conhecimentos e opiniões dos alunos do 2º e 3º ciclos acerca da obesidade.
Metodologicamente, desenvolvemos um estudo de caráter exploratório, descritivo, transversal, analítico, com abordagem de natureza quantitativa. A população em estudo é constituída por 125 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, que frequentam o 2º e 3º ciclos (5º, 6º e 7º anos), na Escola Secundária de Carrazeda de Ansiães.
Dos resultados obtidos, verificamos que: existe uma percentagem de jovens obesos de14% e 15,7% têm excesso de peso; apenas 74,8% dos alunos sabe o que é a obesidade, alguns alunos ainda desconhecem aspetos importantes acerca da obesidade (25,3%); 42,5% dos jovens considera que os pais têm um papel preponderante na transmissão de conhecimentos acerca da obesidade, 19,2% os professores e apenas 6,3% dão relevância aos profissionais de saúde; 71,2% dos alunos não têm familiares obesos, porém 28,2% tem familiares com excesso de peso, neste caso, os pais e os avós são os elementos da família com maior predomínio; 87,6% dos jovens considera a alimentação um fator relevante, 7,4% a hereditariedade e 5% o sedentarismo; 47,2% dos alunos faz 5 refeições por dia, 6,4% faz 3 refeições, não respeitando os princípios de uma alimentação equilibrada; a maioria dos alunos pratica exercício físico na escola, sendo que os mais escolhidos são o futebol (64,8%) e ginástica (57,6%). Constatamos que a maioria deles sabe as vantagens do exercício físico (91%); 72% dos alunos considera que faz uma alimentação saudável, apenas 15% considera fazer uma alimentação pouco saudável; e 64% da amostra afirma que já foi abordada esta temática na escola, apesar de considerarem que o principal veículo de informação é os pais.
Os resultados do presente estudo e a tendência mundial para a pré-obesidade e a obesidade são notáveis na sua importância e coerência, chamando a atenção para o grave problema do aumento da obesidade infantil e juvenil em Portugal.
Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial and multisystemic. Emerged as a new chronic disease over the last two decades, constituting a serious public health problem. In the pediatric population, the prevalence of obesity has also been increasing globally and is currently considered the most common chronic disease in this age. Currently, more than 300 million people are considered obese and 1.2 billion, or 34% of the world population, is considered to have overweight (WHO, 2006). The World Health Organization (2006), put obesity among the ten major risk factors for health these days, considering the epidemic prevention as a priority public health challenge. The prevalence of obesity in many countries is above the critical threshold of 15% set by the WHO for epidemic situations and require intervention. During adolescence, excess weight and obesity are often a burden to the development process and may result in severe psychosocial problems. With this study we sought to identify the knowledge and opinions of students from the 2nd and 3rd cycles about obesity. Methodologically, the study developed an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional analytical approach to quantitative. The study population consists of 125 adolescents of both sexes attending the 2nd and 3rd cycles (5, 6 and 7 years), Secondary School Carrazeda of Ansiães. From the results, we observed that there is a percentage of obese youth 14 new% and 15.7% are overweight, only 74.8% of students know what is obesity, some students are still unaware about important aspects of obesity (25 3%), 42.5% of young people think that parents have a role in the transmission of knowledge about obesity, 19.2% teachers and only 6.3% give relevance to health professionals; 71.2% students do not have obese relatives, but family has 28.2% overweight in this case, parents and grandparents are the elements of the family with the highest prevalence, 87.6% of young people consider food an important factor, 7 4% to 5% heredity and physical inactivity; 47.2% of students makes 5 meals per day, 6.4% 3 meals does not respect the principles of a balanced diet; most students exercise hard at school and the most chosen are the football (64.8%) and gymnastics (57.6%). We found that most of them know the benefits of physical exercise (91%), 72% of students think that makes a healthy diet, only 15% consider eating a little healthier, and 64% of the sample stated that this issue has already been addressed in school, although they consider that the main vehicle of information is parents. The results of this study and the worldwide trend towards pre-obesity and obesity are remarkable in their consistency and importance, calling attention to the serious problem of childhood obesity increased in juvenile and Portugal.
Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial and multisystemic. Emerged as a new chronic disease over the last two decades, constituting a serious public health problem. In the pediatric population, the prevalence of obesity has also been increasing globally and is currently considered the most common chronic disease in this age. Currently, more than 300 million people are considered obese and 1.2 billion, or 34% of the world population, is considered to have overweight (WHO, 2006). The World Health Organization (2006), put obesity among the ten major risk factors for health these days, considering the epidemic prevention as a priority public health challenge. The prevalence of obesity in many countries is above the critical threshold of 15% set by the WHO for epidemic situations and require intervention. During adolescence, excess weight and obesity are often a burden to the development process and may result in severe psychosocial problems. With this study we sought to identify the knowledge and opinions of students from the 2nd and 3rd cycles about obesity. Methodologically, the study developed an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional analytical approach to quantitative. The study population consists of 125 adolescents of both sexes attending the 2nd and 3rd cycles (5, 6 and 7 years), Secondary School Carrazeda of Ansiães. From the results, we observed that there is a percentage of obese youth 14 new% and 15.7% are overweight, only 74.8% of students know what is obesity, some students are still unaware about important aspects of obesity (25 3%), 42.5% of young people think that parents have a role in the transmission of knowledge about obesity, 19.2% teachers and only 6.3% give relevance to health professionals; 71.2% students do not have obese relatives, but family has 28.2% overweight in this case, parents and grandparents are the elements of the family with the highest prevalence, 87.6% of young people consider food an important factor, 7 4% to 5% heredity and physical inactivity; 47.2% of students makes 5 meals per day, 6.4% 3 meals does not respect the principles of a balanced diet; most students exercise hard at school and the most chosen are the football (64.8%) and gymnastics (57.6%). We found that most of them know the benefits of physical exercise (91%), 72% of students think that makes a healthy diet, only 15% consider eating a little healthier, and 64% of the sample stated that this issue has already been addressed in school, although they consider that the main vehicle of information is parents. The results of this study and the worldwide trend towards pre-obesity and obesity are remarkable in their consistency and importance, calling attention to the serious problem of childhood obesity increased in juvenile and Portugal.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Enfermagem Comunitária
Palavras-chave
Adolescência , Obesidade , Adolescente , Promoção da saúde , Enfermagem em saúde comunitária