Eficiência energética no edifício Engenharias I da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
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2015-04-01
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Pretendeu-se saber o que, no edifício do Engenharias I, localizado
no campus da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), poderia ser
realizado de modo a aumentarem-se os seus índices de Eficiência Energética (EE).
Foram identificados, para este estudo, três vetores que poderão descrever os principais
alvos a estudar, de modo a encontrarem-se as tão esperadas melhorias e o consequente
aumento dos índices de eficiência energética no edifício. Numa fase inicial do
estudo, foram apresentados os estados de arte dos vetores identificados: climatização,
iluminação e energia (solar térmica e fotovoltaica). Numa segunda fase foi necessário
aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o modo como o edifício é climatizado, iluminado
e alimentado eletricamente. Para este efeito foram realizadas várias visitas técnicas
que permitiram, numa terceira fase, a apresentação de soluções que visam melhorar
os índices de eficiência do edifício em estudo.
Para a climatização, identificou-se a necessidade de, na central térmica, melhorar
o controlo dos circuladores do secundário do coletor, visto ter-se constatado que
funcionariam muito dependentes de ação humana. No edifício, a urgente operacionalização
do quadro de controlo das UTA´s assim como a introdução de equipamentos do
tipo cronotermostatos nos espaços climatizados. Na produção de frio sugeriu-se a
substituição, no chiller, de momento inoperacional, do gás R22 pelo R-438A, dando
assim resposta ao Protocolo de Montreal.
Apresentaram-se alternativas mais eficientes para a iluminação artificial e natural
existente no edifício. A introdução das tecnologias LED assim como os tubos solares,
foram aqui também sugeridas.
Para o vetor energia, a instalação de um sistema solar térmico para a produção
de AQS no bar foi, neste documento e para os consumos realizados diariamente,
demonstrado vantajosa. A tecnologia da bomba de calor, para o mesmo fim, tendo
como apoio o sistema solar térmico, foi também neste documento sugerida.
Todos nós temos, invariavelmente, responsabilidades em temas como o da Eficiência
Energética e o do Aquecimento Global. Se cada um de nós fizer as escolhas mais
adequadas de equipamentos e alterarmos o modo como consumimos a energia, como
conduzimos, entre outras ações, podemos baixar as nossas emissões pessoais de
carbono para valores que permitam contribuir para um desenvolvimento sustentável.
The purpose was to find out what could be done to increase the Energetic Efficiency (EE) levels of the Engenharias I building, located at the campus of the University of Tr´as-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD). Three vectors were identified for this study, which we believe can lead to improvements, thus increasing the efficiency levels: climatization, lighting and energy (thermal and photovoltaic solar energy). At first, each vector’s state of the art was identified. The second step consisted in deepening the knowledge on how the building is climatized, lightened and electronically fed and for that several technical visits were carried out which allowed, on a third step, the presentation of solutions to improve the efficiency levels related with these issues. For the c1imatization, we felt the need to improve the control of the circulators of the secondary collector at the thermal central for it was clear that they were too dependent on human control In the building, it was urgent to put to use the UTA´s control board, as well as the introduction of chronothermostat type equipments in the climatized spaces. In the production of cold, it was suggested the replacement of the R22 gas for the R-438A, in the chiller (inoperable at the moment), thus meeting the requirements of the Montreal Protocol. More efficient alternatives for the artificial and natural lighting of the building were also presented. The introduction of LED technologies as well as solar tubes was also suggested. For the energy vector, the installation of a thermal solar system for the production of AQS at the bar, in this document and for the current daily consumptions, was shown to be advantageous. The heat pump technology, for the same purpose, having the support of the thermal solar system, was also suggested. Taking into consideration the important role that we all invariably have in such themes as Energetic Efficiency and Global Warming, if each and every one of us makes the right choices and change the way we purchase equipments, consume energy, drive our vehicles and so on, we could lower our individual carbon emissions to a sustainable development.
The purpose was to find out what could be done to increase the Energetic Efficiency (EE) levels of the Engenharias I building, located at the campus of the University of Tr´as-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD). Three vectors were identified for this study, which we believe can lead to improvements, thus increasing the efficiency levels: climatization, lighting and energy (thermal and photovoltaic solar energy). At first, each vector’s state of the art was identified. The second step consisted in deepening the knowledge on how the building is climatized, lightened and electronically fed and for that several technical visits were carried out which allowed, on a third step, the presentation of solutions to improve the efficiency levels related with these issues. For the c1imatization, we felt the need to improve the control of the circulators of the secondary collector at the thermal central for it was clear that they were too dependent on human control In the building, it was urgent to put to use the UTA´s control board, as well as the introduction of chronothermostat type equipments in the climatized spaces. In the production of cold, it was suggested the replacement of the R22 gas for the R-438A, in the chiller (inoperable at the moment), thus meeting the requirements of the Montreal Protocol. More efficient alternatives for the artificial and natural lighting of the building were also presented. The introduction of LED technologies as well as solar tubes was also suggested. For the energy vector, the installation of a thermal solar system for the production of AQS at the bar, in this document and for the current daily consumptions, was shown to be advantageous. The heat pump technology, for the same purpose, having the support of the thermal solar system, was also suggested. Taking into consideration the important role that we all invariably have in such themes as Energetic Efficiency and Global Warming, if each and every one of us makes the right choices and change the way we purchase equipments, consume energy, drive our vehicles and so on, we could lower our individual carbon emissions to a sustainable development.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores
Palavras-chave
Eficiência energética , Climatização , Iluminação eficiente , Energia solar térmica e fotovoltaica