Atividade física autosselecionada ou programada? Efeitos de 16 semanas sobre componentes bioquímicos, físicos e antropométricos de adolescentes de 15 a 17 anos
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2015-09-30
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O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da prática de atividade física sob duas condições: programada em
fitness e autosselecionada em esportes, sobre componentes bioquímicos, físicos e antropométricos em
adolescentes no período de 16 semanas. Trata-se de um estudo experimental, longitudinal, com duração de
quatro meses, em N=108 estudantes do Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB),
faixa etária de 15 a 17 anos, que foram divididos em 2 grupos: experimental (GE), n=53, submetidos a um
programa de treinamento físico em atividades com base no fitness e um controle (GC), n=55, que
autosselecionou suas atividades em modalidades esportivas. Os testes aplicados pré e pós-treinamento foram:
frações lipídicas (colesterol, triglicerídeos, LDL, VLDL e HDL) e glicose, realizado por laboratório
especializado, medidas corporais antropométricas e testes físicos de acordo com a bateria PROESP-BR. Todos
os testes foram realizados nas dependências esportivas do IFPB. Os dados foram analisados por meio de anova
de medidas repetidas, teste-t de estudent intragrupos, teste de Qui-quadrado (x2) intra e intergrupos e coeficiente
de correlação r de Pearson. Resultados: Encontrou-se no GE, diferenças significativas (pré x pós) para a medida
da Glicose (p=0,001, Δ=-4%), Colesterol Total (p=0,001, Δ=9%) e LDL (p=0,001, Δ=16%) e no GC, diferenças
para as medidas do LDL (p=0,001, Δ=13%), VLDL (p=0,001, Δ=-19%) e Triglicerídeos (p=0,001, Δ=-18%).
Nas variáveis antropométricas, foram observadas diferenças significativas para Estatura (t=-8,355; p=0,001) e
IMC (t=2,379; p=0,021), no GE e o mesmo ocorreu no GC onde foram observadas alterações estatísticas na
Estatura (t=-4,790; p=0,001) e IMC (t=3,789; p=0,001). A análise do efeito do tempo indicou valores
significativos para Estatura (p=0,001) e IMC (p=0,001). Não houve valores significativos para os efeitos grupo e
interativo (TempoxGrupo) em nenhuma variável. As medidas de desempenho físico foram significativamente
diferentes para: Teste de 9 minutos (t = -13,257, p = 0,001, Δ= 25%), Força de Membros Superiores (FMB)
medicine ball (t = -2,403, p = 0,020, Δ=6%), Força de Membros Inferiores (FSH) Salto Horizontal (t = -2,524, p
= 0,015, Δ=13%), Resistência Muscular Abdominal (RMLabd) (t = -7,205, p = 0,001, Δ=27%), Teste de
Velocidade (VEL20m) (t = 4,367, p = 0,001, Δ= -5%) e Teste de Flexibilidade sem Banco (FLEXs/b) (t = -
6,451, p = 0,001, Δ=30%) no GE (programada), e no GC (autosselecionada) para RMLabd (t = -4,138, p =
0,001, Δ=14%), Teste de Agilidade (AGILQ) quadrado (t = 2,846, p = 0,006, Δ= -4,3%), VEL20m (t = 2,250, p
= 0,029, Δ=-2,5%) e FLEXs/b (t = -4,822, p = 0,001, Δ=19%). Conclusões: Os programas de intervenção foram
similares entre os grupos, controle e experimental, nos efeitos sobre os componentes bioquímicos, desempenhos
físico e antropométrico. Entretanto, o tipo de atividade física programada em fitness demonstrou causar mais
alterações sobre tais efeitos. Dessa forma, sugere-se que um programas de exercícios, especialmente no ensino
médio, sejam diversificados, estimulando tanto a prática de fitness quanto as de modalidades esportivas. Além
disso, é importante salientar, que mesmo o estudante selecionando a intensidade da forma mais espontânea, o
importante é a prática continuada da atividade física.
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of physical activity according on two conditions: programmed physical activities (fitness) and self-selected ones in sports, in regard to biochemical, anthropometric and physical components in adolescents in a 16-week period. This is an experimental, longitudinal study, spanned four months, in N = 108 students from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraiba (IFPB), aged 15-17 years who were divided into 2 groups: the experimental group (EG), n = 53, undergoing a program of physical training in activities based on fitness and a control group (CG), n = 55, that self-selected its activities in sports modalities. The pre- and post-training applied tests were: lipid fractions (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and HDL) and glucose. These were carried out by specialized laboratory, anthropometric body measurements and fitness tests according to the PROESP-BR battery. All tests were performed in the IFPB sports facilities. Data were analyzed by means of repeated measures ANOVA, student´s ttest used for intra-group comparison, the Chi-square test (x2) intra- and inter-groups and Pearson´s r correlation coefficient. Results: In the EG significant differences were found (pre- X post-) for the glucose measurement (p=0,001, Δ=-4%), total cholesterol (p = 0.001 Δ = 9%) and LDL (p = 0.001; Δ=16%) and in the CG, differences for the LDL measurements (p=0,001, Δ=13%), VLDL (p=0,001, Δ=-19%) and triglycerides (TG) (p=0,001, Δ=- 18%). In the anthropometric variables, significant differences were observed for Height (t=-8,355; p=0,001) and BMI (t=2,379; p=0,021) in the EG; the same occurred in the CG where statistical changes were observed in Height (t=-4,790; p=0,001) and BMI (t=3,789; p=0,001). Time-effect analysis indicated significant values for Height (p=0,001) and BMI (p=0,001). There were no significant values for the group and interactive effects (Time x Group) in any variable. The physical performance measurements were significantly different for: Nine- Minute Race for Cardio-Respiratory Capacity (t = -13,257, p = 0,001, Δ= 25%), Upper Limb Explosive Power (ULEP) medicine ball (t = -2,403, p = 0,020, Δ=6%), Lower Limb Explosive Power (LLEP) Horizontal Jump (t = -2,524, p = 0,015, Δ=13%), Abdominal Test for Localized Muscular Endurance (LMEabd) (t = -7,205, p = 0,001, Δ=27%), Running for Speed (SP20m) (t = 4,367, p = 0,001, Δ= -5%) and Flexibility Test without a Bench (FLEXw/b) (t = -6,451, p = 0,001, Δ=30%) in the EG (programmed) and in the CG (self-selected) for LMEabd (t = -4,138, p = 0,001, Δ=14%), Agility Test (AGILst)Square (t = 2,846, p = 0,006, Δ= -4,3%), SP20m (t = 2,250, p = 0,029, Δ=-2,5%) and FLEXw/b (t = -4,822, p = 0,001, Δ=19%). Conclusions: The intervention programs were similar between the experimental and control groups, in relation to the effects about the biochemical components, physical and anthropometric performances. However, the type of physical activity (programmed in fitness) demonstrated to cause more changes on such effects. Thereby, it is suggested that a physical activity program, especially in high school, should be diversified, stimulating both the fitness practice and the sports modalities. Furthermore, it is relevant to highlight that even if the student selects the intensity, in the most spontaneous way, the important thing is the continued practice of physical activity.
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of physical activity according on two conditions: programmed physical activities (fitness) and self-selected ones in sports, in regard to biochemical, anthropometric and physical components in adolescents in a 16-week period. This is an experimental, longitudinal study, spanned four months, in N = 108 students from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraiba (IFPB), aged 15-17 years who were divided into 2 groups: the experimental group (EG), n = 53, undergoing a program of physical training in activities based on fitness and a control group (CG), n = 55, that self-selected its activities in sports modalities. The pre- and post-training applied tests were: lipid fractions (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and HDL) and glucose. These were carried out by specialized laboratory, anthropometric body measurements and fitness tests according to the PROESP-BR battery. All tests were performed in the IFPB sports facilities. Data were analyzed by means of repeated measures ANOVA, student´s ttest used for intra-group comparison, the Chi-square test (x2) intra- and inter-groups and Pearson´s r correlation coefficient. Results: In the EG significant differences were found (pre- X post-) for the glucose measurement (p=0,001, Δ=-4%), total cholesterol (p = 0.001 Δ = 9%) and LDL (p = 0.001; Δ=16%) and in the CG, differences for the LDL measurements (p=0,001, Δ=13%), VLDL (p=0,001, Δ=-19%) and triglycerides (TG) (p=0,001, Δ=- 18%). In the anthropometric variables, significant differences were observed for Height (t=-8,355; p=0,001) and BMI (t=2,379; p=0,021) in the EG; the same occurred in the CG where statistical changes were observed in Height (t=-4,790; p=0,001) and BMI (t=3,789; p=0,001). Time-effect analysis indicated significant values for Height (p=0,001) and BMI (p=0,001). There were no significant values for the group and interactive effects (Time x Group) in any variable. The physical performance measurements were significantly different for: Nine- Minute Race for Cardio-Respiratory Capacity (t = -13,257, p = 0,001, Δ= 25%), Upper Limb Explosive Power (ULEP) medicine ball (t = -2,403, p = 0,020, Δ=6%), Lower Limb Explosive Power (LLEP) Horizontal Jump (t = -2,524, p = 0,015, Δ=13%), Abdominal Test for Localized Muscular Endurance (LMEabd) (t = -7,205, p = 0,001, Δ=27%), Running for Speed (SP20m) (t = 4,367, p = 0,001, Δ= -5%) and Flexibility Test without a Bench (FLEXw/b) (t = -6,451, p = 0,001, Δ=30%) in the EG (programmed) and in the CG (self-selected) for LMEabd (t = -4,138, p = 0,001, Δ=14%), Agility Test (AGILst)Square (t = 2,846, p = 0,006, Δ= -4,3%), SP20m (t = 2,250, p = 0,029, Δ=-2,5%) and FLEXw/b (t = -4,822, p = 0,001, Δ=19%). Conclusions: The intervention programs were similar between the experimental and control groups, in relation to the effects about the biochemical components, physical and anthropometric performances. However, the type of physical activity (programmed in fitness) demonstrated to cause more changes on such effects. Thereby, it is suggested that a physical activity program, especially in high school, should be diversified, stimulating both the fitness practice and the sports modalities. Furthermore, it is relevant to highlight that even if the student selects the intensity, in the most spontaneous way, the important thing is the continued practice of physical activity.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto
Palavras-chave
Educação física , Adolescentes , Antropometria , Bioquímica , Treino , Atividade motora , Desempenho atlético