A influência da classe socioeconômica e obesidade na coordenação motora em alunos de 7 e 8 anos de idade
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2015-10-01
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O presente estudo, caracterizado como um delineamento descritivo, comparativo-causal, de caráter transversal, teve como objetivo geral avaliar a influência da classe socioeconômica e obesidade na coordenação motora em alunos de sete e oito anos de idade, com realidades socioeconômicas distintas, do município de Cuiabá, MT – Brasil. A seleção da amostra foi de forma intencional. Foram avaliadas 91crianças, sendo 41 do gênero feminino e 50 do gênero masculino divididas em 4 grupos de classes socioeconômicas (CSE). Grupo “A” foi formado pelas CSE “A1+A2”, Grupo “B” pela CSE “B1”, Grupo “C”pela CSE “B2” e o Grupo “D” pelas CSE “C1,C2 e D”. As crianças tinham idade decimal média de 8,77 anos, compreendida entre 7 e 8,9 anos (19/10/2012). A prevalência de obesidade foi estimada através do IMC e o Percentual de Gorduras através das dobras cutâneas tricipital e subescapular. A coordenação motora dos alunos foi avaliada através da bateria de teste KTK. Para comparar a coordenação motora, de acordo com o gênero, classe socioeconômica e composição corporal utilizou-se One way ANOVA e para verificar a associação entre variáveis dependentes e independentes o Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson r, e a regressão para verificar a influência das variáveis na coordenação motora. O nível de significância adotado foi de p≤ 0,05. De modo geral, os resultados do presente estudo revelaram que aproximadamente 55% dos alunos apresentaram níveis de coordenação motora acima da classificação normal (Kiphard et. al.1974) independentemente do gênero e classe socioeconômica, não se tendo registrado crianças classificadas com Perturbação e Insuficiência de coordenação. Quando se comparou a coordenação motora segundo os grupos de classes socioeconômicas, não se registraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas, apesar do grupo “D” ter apresentado média de pontuação mais elevada de Quociente Motor Total (QMT) (x=388,62). Quando se comparou à coordenação motora entre gêneros, constatou-se que os alunos do gênero masculino apresentam um QMT superior aos do gênero feminino (x=389,08 vs x=377,09), porem estas diferenças não foram estatisticamente significativas. Quanto às tarefas do teste KTK, o gênero masculino foi superado apenas na tarefa equilíbrio. A composição corporal demonstrou associação negativa com a coordenação motora, revelando que as crianças com percentuais de gordura corporal elevado apresentam piores índices de pontuação na coordenação motora. Com o presente estudo, pode-se concluir que os níveis de coordenação motora dos alunos do Grupo “D” são melhores e que tanto a Prevalência de Obesidade e o Percentual de Massa Gorda influenciam negativamente nos níveis de coordenação motora. E ainda, através da regressão podemos concluir que a única variável que apresentou valor significativo foi a Idade (p= 0,008).
This study characterized as a descriptive design, causal-comparative, cross character. The main goal was to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic status and obesity in motor coordination among students of seven and eight years old, with distinct socioeconomic classes in municipality of Cuiabá, MT - Brazil. The sample selection was intentional. 91 children were evaluated, with 41 females and 50 males divided into 4 groups of socioeconomic classes ( CSE ). Group "A" was formed by CSE "A1 + A2", "B" Group by CSE "B1", "C" Group by CSE "B2" and Group "D" by CSE "C1, C2" and "D". The age of children ranges between 7 and 8.9 years (19/10/2012) and the mean was 8.77 years. The prevalence of obesity was estimated by BMI and percentage of fat through the triceps and subscapular skinfolds. The coordination of the students was assessed by KTK test battery. To compare motor coordination according to gender, socioeconomic status and body composition one -way ANOVA was used and to verify the association between dependent and independent variables, Pearson correlation coefficient r was use, and multiple regression to verify the influence of the variables in motor coordination. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Overall, the results of this study revealed that approximately 55% of the students showed levels above the normal motor coordination rating (Kiphard et.al.,1974). Regardless of their gender and socioeconomic class, there was no children classified as disturbance and insufficient of coordination. When comparing the coordination of socioeconomic classes, no statistically significant differences were recorded, despite the group "D" presented higher mean score of Total Motor Quotient (QMT) (x = 388.62) .When comparing the coordination between genders , it was found out that male students have higher QMT than females (x=389.08 vs x=377.09), however these differences were not statistically significant. As for the KTK test tasks, the male was only surpassed in balance task. Body composition showed a negative association with motor coordination, revealing that children with high body fat percentage have worse scores on indices of motor coordination. With this study, we can conclude that the levels of coordination among students in Group "D" are better and that both the prevalence of obesity and percentage fat mass negatively influence the levels of motor coordination. And yet, from regression analysis, it can be concluded that the only variable that showed significant value was the age (p= 0.008).
This study characterized as a descriptive design, causal-comparative, cross character. The main goal was to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic status and obesity in motor coordination among students of seven and eight years old, with distinct socioeconomic classes in municipality of Cuiabá, MT - Brazil. The sample selection was intentional. 91 children were evaluated, with 41 females and 50 males divided into 4 groups of socioeconomic classes ( CSE ). Group "A" was formed by CSE "A1 + A2", "B" Group by CSE "B1", "C" Group by CSE "B2" and Group "D" by CSE "C1, C2" and "D". The age of children ranges between 7 and 8.9 years (19/10/2012) and the mean was 8.77 years. The prevalence of obesity was estimated by BMI and percentage of fat through the triceps and subscapular skinfolds. The coordination of the students was assessed by KTK test battery. To compare motor coordination according to gender, socioeconomic status and body composition one -way ANOVA was used and to verify the association between dependent and independent variables, Pearson correlation coefficient r was use, and multiple regression to verify the influence of the variables in motor coordination. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Overall, the results of this study revealed that approximately 55% of the students showed levels above the normal motor coordination rating (Kiphard et.al.,1974). Regardless of their gender and socioeconomic class, there was no children classified as disturbance and insufficient of coordination. When comparing the coordination of socioeconomic classes, no statistically significant differences were recorded, despite the group "D" presented higher mean score of Total Motor Quotient (QMT) (x = 388.62) .When comparing the coordination between genders , it was found out that male students have higher QMT than females (x=389.08 vs x=377.09), however these differences were not statistically significant. As for the KTK test tasks, the male was only surpassed in balance task. Body composition showed a negative association with motor coordination, revealing that children with high body fat percentage have worse scores on indices of motor coordination. With this study, we can conclude that the levels of coordination among students in Group "D" are better and that both the prevalence of obesity and percentage fat mass negatively influence the levels of motor coordination. And yet, from regression analysis, it can be concluded that the only variable that showed significant value was the age (p= 0.008).
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências do Desporto, Especialização em Avaliação e Prescrição na Atividade Física
Palavras-chave
Coordenação motora , Obesidade , Teste KTK