Características de jovens agressores sexuais: especialistas vs. generalistas
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2015
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A violência sexual juvenil é frequentemente considerada um comportamento delinquente
específico que surge associada a fatores etiológicos distintos de outros comportamentos
agressivos. Em termos teóricos, existem duas perspetivas que tentam compreender as
agressões sexuais cometidas por adolescentes. A perspetiva generalista menciona que os atos
sexuais agressivos praticados por jovens surgem como manifestação de tendências
delinquentes genéricas e como parte integrante de um padrão comportamental antissocial. A
abordagem especialista sugere que os jovens agressores sexuais se distinguem dos demais
agressores juvenis, uma vez que apresentam características e fatores de risco específicos que
explicam a sua envolvência em comportamentos sexuais agressivos. O objetivo do presente
artigo é fazer uma revisão teórica da literatura existente referente à violência sexual cometida
por jovens, fazendo a distinção entre jovens agressores sexuais especialistas e generalistas. Os
vários estudos analisados sugerem a perspetiva generalista como a mais predominante,
confirmando as semelhanças entre jovens agressores sexuais e jovens agressores não sexuais.
Apenas uma minoria de jovens agressores sexuais comete apenas crimes sexuais e apresenta
fatores de risco específicos que os distingue dos restantes jovens agressores, destacando-se
como mais relevantes a história de abuso sexual na infância e os interesses sexuais atípicos.
As desigualdades encontradas entre jovens agressores sexuais especialistas e generalistas
reforçam a ideia da heterogeneidade desta população e a necessidade de criar medidas de
avaliação e intervenção adequadas às particulares de cada tipologia de agressores sexuais juvenis.
Juvenile sexual violence is frequently considered a specific kind of delinquent behavior which emerges associated to different etiological factors of other aggressive behaviors. In theoretical terms, there are two perspectives that attempt to explain sexual aggressions carried out by juveniles. The generalist perspective states that aggressive sexual acts by juveniles emerge as a manifestation of generic delinquent tendencies and as an integrant part of an anti-social behavioral pattern. The specialist approach suggests that juveniles sex offenders stand out from other juvenile offenders in the sense that they present specific characteristics and risk factors that explain their involvement in aggressive sexual behaviors. The aim of this article is to conduct a theoretical review of existing literature in what concerns sexual offences carried out by juveniles, making the distinction between generalist and specialist juvenile sex offenders. The various studies reviewed suggest the general perspective as the most prevalent, confirming the similarities between young sex offenders and juvenile non-sexual offenders. Only a minority of juvenile sex offenders commits exclusively sexual crimes and present specific risk factors that distinguish them from the remaining sexual offenders. Especially significant risk factors are a history of sexual abuse in the childhood and atypical sexual interests. The inequalities found between specialist and generalist juvenile sex offenders reinforce the idea of the heterogeneity of this population and the need to create evaluation and intervention initiatives that are suited to the particularities of each typology of juvenile sex offenders.
Juvenile sexual violence is frequently considered a specific kind of delinquent behavior which emerges associated to different etiological factors of other aggressive behaviors. In theoretical terms, there are two perspectives that attempt to explain sexual aggressions carried out by juveniles. The generalist perspective states that aggressive sexual acts by juveniles emerge as a manifestation of generic delinquent tendencies and as an integrant part of an anti-social behavioral pattern. The specialist approach suggests that juveniles sex offenders stand out from other juvenile offenders in the sense that they present specific characteristics and risk factors that explain their involvement in aggressive sexual behaviors. The aim of this article is to conduct a theoretical review of existing literature in what concerns sexual offences carried out by juveniles, making the distinction between generalist and specialist juvenile sex offenders. The various studies reviewed suggest the general perspective as the most prevalent, confirming the similarities between young sex offenders and juvenile non-sexual offenders. Only a minority of juvenile sex offenders commits exclusively sexual crimes and present specific risk factors that distinguish them from the remaining sexual offenders. Especially significant risk factors are a history of sexual abuse in the childhood and atypical sexual interests. The inequalities found between specialist and generalist juvenile sex offenders reinforce the idea of the heterogeneity of this population and the need to create evaluation and intervention initiatives that are suited to the particularities of each typology of juvenile sex offenders.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Violência , Especialistas , Jovens agressores sexuais , Generalistas