A Gestão do Stress Ocupacional em Enfermeiros Intensivistas
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Data
2010
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As crescentes transformações ocorridas dentro do processo de globalização vêem desenhando o modo de vida e definindo outros padrões de saúde e doença exercendo forte influencia sobre a estrutura do trabalho. O stress tornou-se numa das principais áreas de preocupação com consequências pessoais e organizacionais com elevados custos para as organizações. Na área da saúde, o stress ocupacional tem sido alvo de vários estudos. A opinião de que a enfermagem ocupa um lugar de destaque e unânime, no entanto, o contexto dos cuidados intensivos e ainda pouco conhecido em relação a alguns aspectos relacionados com o contexto de trabalho.
O presente estudo teve como objectivos conhecer alguns factores geradores de stress, assim como identificar os níveis de stress dos enfermeiros que trabalham em Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos dos Hospitais Centrais do Porto. Os dados foram obtidos através da aplicação de um questionário com duas escalas: a Escala das Relações Interpessoais no Trabalho e a Nurse Stress Index a 235 enfermeiros intensivistas.
Os resultados mostram que a categoria profissional tem influencia na percepção de situações indutoras de stress, sendo que os enfermeiros com categoria profissional mais baixa tem níveis de stress mais elevados. Também se verificou que uma estrutura física desadequada conduz a níveis de stress mais elevados. Foi encontrada relação significativa do sexo e estado civil com a dimensão “Lidar com pacientes e familiares”, dos incentivos com a dimensão “Apoio e envolvimento organizacional” e tipo de horário com a dimensão “Gestão da carga de trabalho”.
A relação interpessoal associou-se ao stress, no sentido de quanto pior e a relação interpessoal, maiores são os níveis de stress dos enfermeiros. Verificou-se ainda, que os enfermeiros que estabelecem ma/razoável relação com as chefias percepcionam a dimensão ”Apoio e envolvimento organizacional” como fonte geradora de stress. Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que o stress esta presente nos enfermeiros que trabalham em Cuidados Intensivos e que existem determinados factores que o ocasionam.
The growing transformations occurred within the globalization process have designed a life style and defined other patterns of health and disease, which have become a huge influence in the work structure. Stress has become one of the main areas of concern due to the personal and organizational problems it has caused and the consequent high costs for organizations. Regarding the health sphere, occupational stress has been the object of several studies. Even though it is unanimous to say that nursing is a very relevant field; the intensive care is still rather unknown. This study had as its main goals to know some factors that originate stress, as well as to identify the stress levels of nurses who work in the Intensive Care Unit of Oporto’s Central Hospitals. The information has been acquired through the analysis of a socio-demographic survey conducted to 235 Intensive Care Unit nurses and two Scales: the Interpersonal Work Relations Scale and the Nurse Stress Index. The results show that the professional category has an influence in the perception of stress induced situations and it has become clear that nurses with a lower category suffer from higher stress levels. It has also been verified that an inadequate physical working structure leads to higher stress levels. There have been found significant relations to the dimension “Dealing with patients and relatives”, the encouragement/incentives to the dimension “Support and Organizational Involvement” and the type of schedule to the dimension of “Management of the Workload”. The interpersonal relation has been associated to stress, in the sense that the worse the interpersonal relation are, the higher stress levels are felt by nurses. Nurses, who have a bad or reasonable relationship with their work superiors view the dimension “Support and Organizational Involvement” as a stress related source. The results obtained make it possible to state that stress is present in the daily life of nurses who work in the Intensive Care Unit and there are factors which lead to this situation.
The growing transformations occurred within the globalization process have designed a life style and defined other patterns of health and disease, which have become a huge influence in the work structure. Stress has become one of the main areas of concern due to the personal and organizational problems it has caused and the consequent high costs for organizations. Regarding the health sphere, occupational stress has been the object of several studies. Even though it is unanimous to say that nursing is a very relevant field; the intensive care is still rather unknown. This study had as its main goals to know some factors that originate stress, as well as to identify the stress levels of nurses who work in the Intensive Care Unit of Oporto’s Central Hospitals. The information has been acquired through the analysis of a socio-demographic survey conducted to 235 Intensive Care Unit nurses and two Scales: the Interpersonal Work Relations Scale and the Nurse Stress Index. The results show that the professional category has an influence in the perception of stress induced situations and it has become clear that nurses with a lower category suffer from higher stress levels. It has also been verified that an inadequate physical working structure leads to higher stress levels. There have been found significant relations to the dimension “Dealing with patients and relatives”, the encouragement/incentives to the dimension “Support and Organizational Involvement” and the type of schedule to the dimension of “Management of the Workload”. The interpersonal relation has been associated to stress, in the sense that the worse the interpersonal relation are, the higher stress levels are felt by nurses. Nurses, who have a bad or reasonable relationship with their work superiors view the dimension “Support and Organizational Involvement” as a stress related source. The results obtained make it possible to state that stress is present in the daily life of nurses who work in the Intensive Care Unit and there are factors which lead to this situation.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão dos Serviços de Saúde
Palavras-chave
Stress , Enfermagem , Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos