Psicopatia, criminalidade e empatia: resultados de uma amostra prisional portuguesa
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2015-12-07
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A psicopatia é um construto psicológico, que se demarca pelos seus traços anti-sociais que redundam muitas vezes no delito, e, fundamentalmente, por um conjunto de características específicas a nível interpessoal e afectivo. Se os traços anti-sociais não oferecem dúvidas desconcertantes quanto à sua fenomenologia e como se manifestam, a mesma harmonia não é comungada no campo afectivo/interpessoal.
Os psicopatas são encarados como indivíduos manipuladores, superficiais, emocionalmente indiferentes e extremamente racionais e lógicos. No entanto, a literatura actual ainda não identificou a falha afectiva, e o modo como esta alimenta a existência de extremas dificuldades em sentirem compaixão pelo outro.
A comunidade científica tem evidenciado a empatia como a principal responsável desta falência, explorando-se a relação entre psicopatia e a empatia e as dimensões que a compõem, a empatia cognitiva e afectiva. Os estudos com amostras comunitárias e em contextos forenses afirmam de um modo geral que é principalmente ao nível da componente afectiva que se faz sentir as mais intensas dificuldades, invocando-se que os indivíduos com psicopatia falham, não no reconhecimento da emoção, mas na partilha da mesma. Todavia, ainda não existe uma harmonia no seio da comunidade científica. São estas questões que o actual estudo pretende analisar a partir dos dados obtidos numa amostra prisional.
As análises não confirmaram a relação entre o grupo com índices de psicopatia mais elevados e a empatia a nível estatístico (p=.059), todavia, ao nível da componente afectiva da empatia foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p=.03), entre os grupos de psicopatia na amostra forense.
Mais estudos neste sentido poderão constituir a alavanca para encontrar respostas mais fidedignas no caminho para a reabilitação de agressores violentos institucionalizados categorizados com psicopatia.
Psychopathy is a psychological construct which stands out for its antisocial traits that too often result in the offense, and, basically, by a set of specific features at the interpersonal and emotional level. If the antisocial traits don’t offer no doubts as to its confusing phenomenology and how they manifest, the same harmony is not communicating in the affective / interpersonal field. Psychopaths are seen as manipulative, superficial, emotionally flat and extremely rational and logical individuals. Yet the current literature has not identified the failure of affection, and how it feeds the existence of the extreme difficulties in feeling compassion by the other. The scientific community has shown empathy as the main cause of this failure, exploring the relationship between psychopathy and empathy and it’s dimensions, the cognitive and emotional empathy. Studies with community samples and forensic settings say in general that is mainly at level of the affective component that is felt the most intense difficulties, claiming that individuals with psychopathy fail, not on emotion recognition, but in sharing the same. Unfortunately, there is no harmony within the scientific community. These are the questions that the present study demands to examine these data in a prison sample. The analysis could not confirm the relationship between the higher levels psychopathy and empathy at statistical level (p=.059), however, at the emotional empathy were found statistical differences (p=.03) among the groups of psychopathy in the forensic sample. More studies in this direction could be the lever to find answers in the most reliable way to rehabilitate institutionalized violent offenders categorized with psychopathy.
Psychopathy is a psychological construct which stands out for its antisocial traits that too often result in the offense, and, basically, by a set of specific features at the interpersonal and emotional level. If the antisocial traits don’t offer no doubts as to its confusing phenomenology and how they manifest, the same harmony is not communicating in the affective / interpersonal field. Psychopaths are seen as manipulative, superficial, emotionally flat and extremely rational and logical individuals. Yet the current literature has not identified the failure of affection, and how it feeds the existence of the extreme difficulties in feeling compassion by the other. The scientific community has shown empathy as the main cause of this failure, exploring the relationship between psychopathy and empathy and it’s dimensions, the cognitive and emotional empathy. Studies with community samples and forensic settings say in general that is mainly at level of the affective component that is felt the most intense difficulties, claiming that individuals with psychopathy fail, not on emotion recognition, but in sharing the same. Unfortunately, there is no harmony within the scientific community. These are the questions that the present study demands to examine these data in a prison sample. The analysis could not confirm the relationship between the higher levels psychopathy and empathy at statistical level (p=.059), however, at the emotional empathy were found statistical differences (p=.03) among the groups of psychopathy in the forensic sample. More studies in this direction could be the lever to find answers in the most reliable way to rehabilitate institutionalized violent offenders categorized with psychopathy.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Psicopatia , Empatia , Violência , Crimes , Reincidência