Infeção bacteriana do trato urinário em cães e gatos: aspetos clínico-epidemiológicos
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2014
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As infeções do trato urinário (ITU) são doenças infeciosas de ocorrência frequente na clínica veterinária e estão entre as mais comuns indicações de antibioterapia. A sua correta prescrição bem como a abordagem adequada ao paciente, são pontos fundamentais, sobretudo pelo crescente surgimento de bactérias multirresitentes.
Este estudo englobou todos os animais da espécie felídea e canídea admitidos no Hospital Veterinário da UNESP/ Botucatu (São Paulo), Brasil, no período compreendido entre o dia 1 de Janeiro de 2003 e o dia 31 Dezembro de 2012, com sinais clínicos de ITU e cujas urinas foram submetidas a urocultura. Foi realizada a análise das fichas clínicas que correspondiam a cada animal, para a obtenção das variáveis em estudo.
Dos 990 animais avaliados, a maioria (90,2%) pertencia à espécie canídea e aproximadamente metade (50,7%) ao sexo masculino. Dentro do período de estudo, o número de animais com suspeita de ITU foi maior nos anos de 2005 e 2010, e no período de Inverno.
A população felídea (n=107) era, maioritariamente, do sexo masculino (71%). A maioria (49,6%) apresentava idades até os quatro anos e eram animais sem raça definida (SRD) (77,6%). O Hospital recebeu um maior número de casos de felídeos nos anos 2005 e 2012 e durante o período de Inverno. Das amostras de urina com resultado positivo (38,2%), a maioria (90,2%) obteve isolamento monomicrobial. Escherichia coli (22%) foi o microrganismo com maior frequência de isolamento. A amoxicilina com ácido clavulânico e a cefalexina foram os antimicrobianos que apresentaram maior e menor eficácia global frente aos isolados, respectivamente. Os fármacos para os quais E. coli apresentou maior sensibilidade foram a ceftriaxona e a amoxacilina com ácido clavulânico mas foi resistente para cefalexina.
A população canídea (n=883) era constituída por um número semelhante de machos (48,4%) e de fêmeas (46,9%), e houve uma uniformidade de idades e foram os SRD aqueles que mais estavam representados neste estudo (37,7%). O número de casos com suspeita de ITU foi superior nos anos de 2005 e 2010, sendo o Verão o período com menor número de casos. Metade (50,1%) das urinas submetidas a exame microbiológico obtiveram crescimento bacteriano e destas a maioria teve crescimento monomicrobial (88,7%). O microrganismo que surgiu com maior frequência foi E. coli (33,7%). A gentamicina foi o antimicrobiano com melhor eficácia global e os isolados apresentaram maior resistência para o ácido nalidixico. As linhagens de E.coli mostraram-se resistentes ao ácido nalidixico e à eritromicina mas foram sensiveis a Gentamicina.
Os resultados obtidos apontam para a importância do diagnóstico microbiológico e do Teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos in vitro para a obtenção das melhores condutas terapêuticas.
The urinary tract infections (UTI) are infectious diseases that commonly occur in veterinary clinic and are one of the most common indications for antibiotic therapy. Their correct prescription and appropriate approach to the patient are key points, particularly because of the increasing emergence of multiresistant bacteria. This study included all animals from the felid and canid species that were admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of UNESP / Botucatu (São Paulo), Brazil from January 1st, 2003 to December 31st, 2012 with clinical signs of UTI whose urine samples were submitted to urine culture. An analysis of clinical records corresponding to each animal was performed in order to obtain the study variables. Of the 990 animals evaluated, the majority (90.2%) belonged to the canid species and approximately half (50.7%) were males. Within the study period, the number of animals with suspected UTI was higher in 2005 and 2010, and during the winter period. The felid (n = 107) population was predominantly male (71%) and most (49.6%) were aged up to four years and were mixed breed animals (77.6%). The Hospital received a greater number of felid cases in the years 2005 and 2012 and during the winter period. Among the positive urine samples tested, (38.2%) the majority (90.2%) had monomicrobial isolation. E. coli (22%) was the most frequently occurring microorganism. The amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cephalexin were the antimicrobials that had higher and lower overall efficiency against isolates, respectively. E. coli showed higher sensitivity to the drugs ceftriaxone and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid but was resistant to cephalexin. The canid population (n = 883) consisted of an equal number of males (48.4%) and females (46.9%) and there was a uniformity of ages and the mixed breeds were the most represented breed in this study (37.7%). The number of cases with suspected UTI was higher in 2005 and 2010, and summer was the period with fewer cases. Half (50.1%) of the urine subjected to microbiological examination had bacterial growth and the majority of these had monomicrobial growth (88.7%). E. coli was the most frequently occurring microorganism (33.7%). Gentamicin was the antimicrobial with better overall efficiency and the isolates showed high resistance to nalidixic acid. The E. coli lineages were resistant to nalidixic acid and erythromycin but were sensitive to gentamicin. The results suggest the importance of microbiological diagnosis and antimicrobial sensitivity in vitro tests to obtain the best therapeutic approaches.
The urinary tract infections (UTI) are infectious diseases that commonly occur in veterinary clinic and are one of the most common indications for antibiotic therapy. Their correct prescription and appropriate approach to the patient are key points, particularly because of the increasing emergence of multiresistant bacteria. This study included all animals from the felid and canid species that were admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of UNESP / Botucatu (São Paulo), Brazil from January 1st, 2003 to December 31st, 2012 with clinical signs of UTI whose urine samples were submitted to urine culture. An analysis of clinical records corresponding to each animal was performed in order to obtain the study variables. Of the 990 animals evaluated, the majority (90.2%) belonged to the canid species and approximately half (50.7%) were males. Within the study period, the number of animals with suspected UTI was higher in 2005 and 2010, and during the winter period. The felid (n = 107) population was predominantly male (71%) and most (49.6%) were aged up to four years and were mixed breed animals (77.6%). The Hospital received a greater number of felid cases in the years 2005 and 2012 and during the winter period. Among the positive urine samples tested, (38.2%) the majority (90.2%) had monomicrobial isolation. E. coli (22%) was the most frequently occurring microorganism. The amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cephalexin were the antimicrobials that had higher and lower overall efficiency against isolates, respectively. E. coli showed higher sensitivity to the drugs ceftriaxone and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid but was resistant to cephalexin. The canid population (n = 883) consisted of an equal number of males (48.4%) and females (46.9%) and there was a uniformity of ages and the mixed breeds were the most represented breed in this study (37.7%). The number of cases with suspected UTI was higher in 2005 and 2010, and summer was the period with fewer cases. Half (50.1%) of the urine subjected to microbiological examination had bacterial growth and the majority of these had monomicrobial growth (88.7%). E. coli was the most frequently occurring microorganism (33.7%). Gentamicin was the antimicrobial with better overall efficiency and the isolates showed high resistance to nalidixic acid. The E. coli lineages were resistant to nalidixic acid and erythromycin but were sensitive to gentamicin. The results suggest the importance of microbiological diagnosis and antimicrobial sensitivity in vitro tests to obtain the best therapeutic approaches.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Trato urinário , Infecções bacterianas , Antimicrobiano , Testes de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos por disco-difusão , Cães , Gatos