Integração de usos do solo e transportes em cidades de média dimensão: o caso da cidade de Vila Real
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2016-04-13
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A urbanização, no século passado, foi bastante rápida e a tendência é continuar. Esta dispersão urbana e os elevados padrões de consumo aliados a estilos de vida cada vez mais exigentes têm conduzido a uma crescente alteração e complexidade dos padrões de mobilidade da população. Mais pessoas, maior urbanização e cidades cada vez mais dispersas, significam mais problemas relacionados com a mobilidade. Para a resolução destes problemas urbanos e fundamentalmente para evitar que os mesmos se repitam, é necessário integrar o planeamento de usos do solo com o planeamento da mobilidade, mas para tal são necessários indicadores dessa mesma integração, seja para identificação do nível atual de integração dos dois sistemas, seja para apoio do processo de planeamento.
É sabido que são diversos os fatores que influenciam os padrões de mobilidade da população porém, para o caso de estudo da presente dissertação interessa relacioná-los com os usos de solo da cidade. Esta integração foi já tema de vários estudos e é já conhecida para cidades de grandes dimensões. Contudo, as cidades de média dimensão, como Vila Real, têm características específicas que se traduzem em padrões de mobilidade também específicos e diferentes dos padrões das cidades de grandes dimensões. De forma a alcançar estes objetivos foram efetuados 1.100 inquéritos ao longo de 12 dias, porta-a-porta e em espaços públicos relevantes, no perímetro urbano da cidade com vista a analisar os padrões de mobilidade da população.
Após a análise dos padrões de usos do solo e dos padrões de mobilidade na cidade de Vila Real verificou-se que, a redução da utilização do automóvel é possível quando o local de residência fica numa zona densa, multifuncional ou acessível ao modo pedonal. A proximidade ao centro da cidade ou redução da distância entre casa e trabalho são também características que contribuem para a redução do uso do automóvel e para a redução das distâncias percorridas. Por outro lado, residentes em zonas exclusivamente residenciais utilizam mais o automóvel possivelmente pelo fato destas zonas serem mal servidas por transportes públicos e ficarem na periferia da cidade o que dificulta a utilização do transporte público e do modo pedonal. Paralelamente, e como seria de esperar, residentes em zonas com estas características percorrem maiores distâncias.
The urbanization, in last century, was quite quick and the tendency is to continue. This urban dispersal and the elevated standards of consumption allied to more and more demanding ways of life have been leading to a growing alteration and complexity of the standards of mobility of the population. More persons, bigger urbanization and more and more scattered cities, mean more problems connected with the mobility. For the resolution of these urbane problems and fundamentally to avoid what same happen again, it is necessary to integrate the planning of uses of the ground with the planning of the mobility, but for such a healthy one necessary indicators of the same integration, be for identification of the current level of integration of two systems, be for support of the process of planning. It is known that there are different the factors that influence the standards of mobility of the population however, for the case of study of the present dissertation it is interesting to connect them with the uses of ground of the city. This integration was already a subject of several studies and it is already known for cities of great dimensions. Nevertheless, the cities of middle dimension, like Vila Real city, have specific characteristics that are translated in standards of mobility also specific and different from the standards of the cities of great dimensions. In the form to reach these objectives 1.100 inquiries were effectuated along 12 days, the door carries and in public relevant spaces, in the city limits of the city with sight to analyse the standards of mobility of the population. After the analysis of the standards of uses of the ground and of the standards of mobility in the Vila Real city happened that, the reduction of the use of the automobile is possible when the place of residence is in a dense, multifunctional or accessible zone to the pedestrian way. The proximity to the center of the city or reduction of the distance between house and work also are characteristic what contribute to the reduction of the use of the automobile and to the reduction of the passed distances. On the other side, residents in exclusively residential zones use more the automobile, possibly because, of these zones to be served badly by public transports and is in the periphery of the city what makes difficult the use of the public transport and of the pedestrian way. In parallel, and since it would be of waiting, residents in zones with these characteristics go through bigger distances.
The urbanization, in last century, was quite quick and the tendency is to continue. This urban dispersal and the elevated standards of consumption allied to more and more demanding ways of life have been leading to a growing alteration and complexity of the standards of mobility of the population. More persons, bigger urbanization and more and more scattered cities, mean more problems connected with the mobility. For the resolution of these urbane problems and fundamentally to avoid what same happen again, it is necessary to integrate the planning of uses of the ground with the planning of the mobility, but for such a healthy one necessary indicators of the same integration, be for identification of the current level of integration of two systems, be for support of the process of planning. It is known that there are different the factors that influence the standards of mobility of the population however, for the case of study of the present dissertation it is interesting to connect them with the uses of ground of the city. This integration was already a subject of several studies and it is already known for cities of great dimensions. Nevertheless, the cities of middle dimension, like Vila Real city, have specific characteristics that are translated in standards of mobility also specific and different from the standards of the cities of great dimensions. In the form to reach these objectives 1.100 inquiries were effectuated along 12 days, the door carries and in public relevant spaces, in the city limits of the city with sight to analyse the standards of mobility of the population. After the analysis of the standards of uses of the ground and of the standards of mobility in the Vila Real city happened that, the reduction of the use of the automobile is possible when the place of residence is in a dense, multifunctional or accessible zone to the pedestrian way. The proximity to the center of the city or reduction of the distance between house and work also are characteristic what contribute to the reduction of the use of the automobile and to the reduction of the passed distances. On the other side, residents in exclusively residential zones use more the automobile, possibly because, of these zones to be served badly by public transports and is in the periphery of the city what makes difficult the use of the public transport and of the pedestrian way. In parallel, and since it would be of waiting, residents in zones with these characteristics go through bigger distances.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Civil
Palavras-chave
Padrões de mobilidade , Cidades (média dimensão) , Padrões de usos do solo