Comunicação de risco: estudo de caso: análise de risco de dioxinas em produtos avícolas
Ficheiros
Data
2016-04-27
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é promover a análise do processo de comunicação de risco, encetado pela DGV, durante um incidente relacionado com contaminação de carne de aves por dioxinas, que ocorreu no verão de 2011, à luz dos conceitos existentes e consolidados em matéria de comunicação de risco. As questões que na altura se colocaram sobre a oportunidade e o modo de se realizar a necessária comunicação, face à urgência de implementação dos procedimentos, conduziu à vontade de elaborar este estudo, no sentido de, em situações futuras, as decisões tomadas estarem suportadas em modelos e teorias sobre o modo de se promover uma comunicação de risco eficaz.
O desafio de encetar todas as diligências necessárias, desde a confirmação da suspeita, aliada à necessidade imperiosa de se promover um processo de rastreabilidade com a consequente retirada de mercado e destruição de produto, num processo que envolveu explorações avícolas localizadas em vários pontos do país, foi potenciado pelo elevado número de pessoas envolvidas em todo o processo.
A gestão sanitária deste incidente teve desde o início um caráter multidisciplinar, com o envolvimento de vários organismos oficiais, sendo que a DGV assumiu desde a primeira hora a coordenação e normalização de todo este processo.
Durante a sua gestão esteve sempre presente na memória de todos, a situação que havia sido vivida muito recentemente pelas Autoridades oficiais alemãs na gestão sanitária da crise conhecida como “crise dos pepinos” conotada por toda a comunidade internacional como “desorientada” e caracterizada por notícias desencontradas que citavam fontes oficiais. Em resposta a esta situação a OIE tinha apelado, em junho de 2011, a todos os países membros, a designação de um ponto de contacto para os assuntos relacionados com comunicação nos serviços veterinários, no sentido de facilitar a comunicação entre stakeholders e o público em geral, incluindo os media, sobre questões relativas à saúde e bem-estar animal, e saúde pública. O propósito também passava por estabelecer uma rede de peritos em comunicação dentro de cada país e, caso fosse considerado pertinente, dentro da região, e para estabelecer contactos com redes já existentes. À data do incidente ainda não tinha sido formalizada pela OIE a primeira ação de formação, que veio a ocorrer no final do mês de setembro de 2011.
É um facto que a proximidade temporal com este episódio, condicionou a atuação da DGV no que respeita à relação com os media, sendo importante analisar com o necessário distanciamento se a estratégia assumida deveria ter sido diferente.
No entanto, a experiência vivida nos serviços veterinários oficiais, e considerando algumas das situações de crise que foram geridas, permitem afirmar que é necessário dotar os médicos veterinários de formação específica na área da comunicação, nomeadamente os profissionais que se dedicam às áreas de promoção da saúde pública global, uma vez que uma comunicação eficaz permitirá o sucesso dos outros componentes do processo de análise de risco, quer se trate da avaliação, como da gestão do risco em si.
The object of study of this work is to promote analysis of the risk communication process, promoted by the DGV, during an incident related to poultry meat contamination by dioxins, which occurred in the summer of 2011, in the light of the existing and consolidated concepts in the field of risk communication. The issues which at the time stood about the correct time and the appropriated way to accomplish the necessary communication, in view of the urgency of implementation the procedures, led to the desire to perform this study, in order to, in future situations, decisions taken are supported on models and theories on how to promote effective risk communication. The challenge to take all the necessary steps, since the confirmation of the suspicion, coupled with the urgent need to promote a process of traceability with the consequent withdrawal of market and product destruction, a process that involved poultry holdings located in various parts of the country, was boosted by the high number of people involved in the whole process. The sanitary management of this incident had from the beginning a multidisciplinary character, with the involvement of various official bodies, however the DGV has taken since the first time the coordination and standardization of this whole process. During this management has always been present in the memory of all, the situation that had been experienced recently by the German Competent Authorities in the health crisis known as "crisis of cucumbers" connoted by the entire international community as "disoriented" and characterized by mis-matched news quoting official sources. In response to that situation, the OIE had appealed in June 2011, to all Member Countries, the designation of a contact point on communication issues for the Veterinary Services, in order to facilitate communication among stakeholders and the general public, including the media, on matters relating to animal health and welfare, and public health. The purpose was also to establish a network of relevant communication experts within each country and, when relevant, within the region, or to communicate with already existing networks. At the time of the incident had not yet been formalized by OIE the first training course, which occurs at the end of September 2011. It is a fact that the temporal proximity with this episode conditioned the DGV action, regarding the relationship with the media, being therefore important to analyze with the necessary objectivity if the assumed strategy should have been different. However, the experience in the official veterinary services and considering some of the crises that were managed, allow to affirm that it is necessary to provide veterinarians professionals specific training in communication skills, namely the professionals who are dedicated to the areas of global public health promotion, since effective communication will allow the success of other components of the risk analysis process, whether the evaluation, and the management of risk itself.
The object of study of this work is to promote analysis of the risk communication process, promoted by the DGV, during an incident related to poultry meat contamination by dioxins, which occurred in the summer of 2011, in the light of the existing and consolidated concepts in the field of risk communication. The issues which at the time stood about the correct time and the appropriated way to accomplish the necessary communication, in view of the urgency of implementation the procedures, led to the desire to perform this study, in order to, in future situations, decisions taken are supported on models and theories on how to promote effective risk communication. The challenge to take all the necessary steps, since the confirmation of the suspicion, coupled with the urgent need to promote a process of traceability with the consequent withdrawal of market and product destruction, a process that involved poultry holdings located in various parts of the country, was boosted by the high number of people involved in the whole process. The sanitary management of this incident had from the beginning a multidisciplinary character, with the involvement of various official bodies, however the DGV has taken since the first time the coordination and standardization of this whole process. During this management has always been present in the memory of all, the situation that had been experienced recently by the German Competent Authorities in the health crisis known as "crisis of cucumbers" connoted by the entire international community as "disoriented" and characterized by mis-matched news quoting official sources. In response to that situation, the OIE had appealed in June 2011, to all Member Countries, the designation of a contact point on communication issues for the Veterinary Services, in order to facilitate communication among stakeholders and the general public, including the media, on matters relating to animal health and welfare, and public health. The purpose was also to establish a network of relevant communication experts within each country and, when relevant, within the region, or to communicate with already existing networks. At the time of the incident had not yet been formalized by OIE the first training course, which occurs at the end of September 2011. It is a fact that the temporal proximity with this episode conditioned the DGV action, regarding the relationship with the media, being therefore important to analyze with the necessary objectivity if the assumed strategy should have been different. However, the experience in the official veterinary services and considering some of the crises that were managed, allow to affirm that it is necessary to provide veterinarians professionals specific training in communication skills, namely the professionals who are dedicated to the areas of global public health promotion, since effective communication will allow the success of other components of the risk analysis process, whether the evaluation, and the management of risk itself.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Carne de ave , Contaminação , Difusão da informação , Gestão , Perigo para a saúde , Serviço veterinário