Uma análise da competitividade empresarial e territorial do pólo industrial de Manaus, sob a óptica do modelo da tripla hélice
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2016-05-06
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Quando se depara com a problemática do desenvolvimento económico de uma região, oinvestigador se vê diante do fato que, via de regra, não existe um modelo geral que possaser aplicado em diferentes contextos e que assegure a essa região os resultados esperados. Contudo, nos últimos anos tem-se consolidado o entendimento de que a competitividade de uma região está ligada à forma como os principais agentes de desenvolvimento económico de uma região interagem no sentido de inseri-la no contexto económico (Etzkowitz et al., 2000; Lundval et al., 2002; Boucher et al., 2003; Goldstein et al., 2004; Leydesdorff, 2005; Marques et al., 2006; Nwagwu, 2008; Ferreira et al., 2010; Khan et al., 2013; Ivanova et al., 2014; Fuerlinger et al., 2015). Da atuação conjunta desses agentes emergiu a abordagem da Tripla Hélice das relações universidade, indústria e governo, como um modelo que contribui para alavancar o desenvolvimento de uma região. Nesse contexto, o estudo analisa o desempenho inovador do Pólo Industrial de Manaus (PIM) através da abordagem do modelo da Tripla Hélice para apontar qual o papel e o contributo dos agentes envolvidos no processo de desenvolvimento da competitividade dessa região.
A adoção da metodologia qualitativa para esta investigação se deu em função da escolha do modelo empírico, a Tripla Hélice, que possibilita descrever e explicar a dinâmica resultante das relações entre os atores que atuam nos processos relacionados ao apoio e suporte à obtenção da inovação, bem como explicar o efeito resultante dessas relações na competitividade da região estudada. O estudo se justifica na medida em que não existem ainda estudos na região sob a ótica do modelo da Tripla Hélice. Nesse sentido, o estudo contribui com os seus resultados para a discussão de políticas públicas voltadas para o fortalecimento das redes de cooperação entre universidade, indústria e governo.
O resultado apontou os principais agentes que atuam no sentido de promover ou estimular o desenvolvimento dos processos de inovação nos setores industriais analisados. As universidades públicas e os órgãos governamentais se apresentam como os principais agentes nesses processos. As indústrias por suas características de empresas multinacionais e por adotarem a política de transferência de tecnologia oriunda de suas matrizes, têm atuação limitada no que refere a pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Contudo, o estudo apontou a existência de um sistema regional de inovação que ainda se encontra em estágio de maturação, mas que tem contribuído de forma decisiva para a qualificação dos recursos humanos voltados para o Pólo Industrial de Manaus.
When faced with the question of economic development of a region, the investigator have been confronted by the fact that, as a rule, there is no general model that can be applied in different contexts and to ensure the region the expected results. However, in recent years, it has consolidated the understanding that the competitiveness of a region is linked to how the main development agents of a region interact in order to insert it in the economic context economic (Etzkowitz et al., 2000; Lundval et al., 2002; Boucher et al., 2003; Goldstein et al., 2004; Leydesdorff, 2005; Marques et al., 2006; Nwagwu, 2008; Ferreira et al., 2010; Khan et al., 2013; Ivanova et al., 2014; Fuerlinger et al., 2015). The joint action of these agents emerged from the approach of the Triple Helix of university relations, industry and government, as a model that helps to leverage the development of a region. In this context, the study analyzes the innovation performance of the Industrial Pole of Manaus (PIM) by the Triple Helix model approach to point out the role and the contribution of those involved in the process of developing the competitiveness of the region. The adoption of qualitative methodology for this investigation was due to the choice of the empirical model, the Triple Helix, which makes it possible to describe and explain the dynamics resulting from the relations between the actors involved in the processes related to the support and support to the achievement of innovation, how to explain the resultant effect of these relationships on the competitiveness of the region studied. The study is justified insofar as there are no studies in the region from the perspective of the Triple Helix model. In this sense, the study provides the results for the discussion of public policies for the strengthening of cooperation networks between universities, industry and government. The results showed the main agents that act to promote or stimulate the development of innovation processes in industrial sectors analyzed. Public universities and government agencies present themselves as the main actors in these processes. Industries for its characteristics of multinational companies and adopt technology transfer policy coming from its headquarters, have limited performance in terms of research and development. However, the study pointed out the existence of a regional innovation system that is still in the stage of maturity, but which has contributed decisively to the quality of human resources facing the Industrial Pole of Manaus.
When faced with the question of economic development of a region, the investigator have been confronted by the fact that, as a rule, there is no general model that can be applied in different contexts and to ensure the region the expected results. However, in recent years, it has consolidated the understanding that the competitiveness of a region is linked to how the main development agents of a region interact in order to insert it in the economic context economic (Etzkowitz et al., 2000; Lundval et al., 2002; Boucher et al., 2003; Goldstein et al., 2004; Leydesdorff, 2005; Marques et al., 2006; Nwagwu, 2008; Ferreira et al., 2010; Khan et al., 2013; Ivanova et al., 2014; Fuerlinger et al., 2015). The joint action of these agents emerged from the approach of the Triple Helix of university relations, industry and government, as a model that helps to leverage the development of a region. In this context, the study analyzes the innovation performance of the Industrial Pole of Manaus (PIM) by the Triple Helix model approach to point out the role and the contribution of those involved in the process of developing the competitiveness of the region. The adoption of qualitative methodology for this investigation was due to the choice of the empirical model, the Triple Helix, which makes it possible to describe and explain the dynamics resulting from the relations between the actors involved in the processes related to the support and support to the achievement of innovation, how to explain the resultant effect of these relationships on the competitiveness of the region studied. The study is justified insofar as there are no studies in the region from the perspective of the Triple Helix model. In this sense, the study provides the results for the discussion of public policies for the strengthening of cooperation networks between universities, industry and government. The results showed the main agents that act to promote or stimulate the development of innovation processes in industrial sectors analyzed. Public universities and government agencies present themselves as the main actors in these processes. Industries for its characteristics of multinational companies and adopt technology transfer policy coming from its headquarters, have limited performance in terms of research and development. However, the study pointed out the existence of a regional innovation system that is still in the stage of maturity, but which has contributed decisively to the quality of human resources facing the Industrial Pole of Manaus.
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Desenvolvimento regional , Pólo Indústrial de Manaus (Cidade de Manaus, Amazónia Ociental, Brasil) , Competitividade , Inovação , Modelo da Tripla Hélice (Universidade, Empresa e Governo)