A cultura portuguesa no Brasil do século XVIII, pela ação do governador da capitania de São Paulo, D. Luís António Sousa “Morgado de Mateus”
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2015
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D. Luís António de Sousa Botelho Mourão, Morgado de Mateus, foi nomeado pelo rei D. José I, por sugestão do marquês de Pombal, pela sua reputação militar e linhagem, para o cargo de governador da capitania de São Paulo (1765-1775). O Morgado de Mateus deixou vincada a identidade e cultura portuguesas na capitania de São Paulo ao exercer a missão de restaurador sob as diretrizes pombalinas. Durante a sua administração e conforme o princípio do pacto colonial, o governador aplicou a reforma económica pombalina numa linha mercantilista e monopolista, tendo como finalidade a geração de riqueza para a metrópole.
A principal preocupação do governador foi a inserção social dos paulistas, interessando-se pela sua maneira de ser, tentando compreende-los para os moldar posteriormente, evitando assim possíveis choques culturais. O governador soube desde cedo que na origem da desordem, “estado de penúria”, da capitania estava a maneira de ser dos colonos e que só com uma transformação dos mesmos era possível restaura-la. No desempenho das suas funções e com o intuito de reerguer a economia de São Paulo fomentou a agricultura e arrecadou rendas e dízimos instituindo a primeira Junta da Fazenda na capitania de São Paulo.
Pela necessidade da defesa e conquista do território tornou-se imperativa a reorganização territorial, pelo que D. Luís António desencadeou medidas de exploração através de informações de residentes e do mapeamento levado a termo por ele mesmo. Criou e melhorou os acessos através de rios e estradas e implementou o serviço regular dos correios, com o intuito de melhorar o circuito comercial e comunicação entre os povos que anteriormente se encontravam distantes e isolados.
O governador levou a cabo o primeiro recenseamento e congregou a população em núcleos urbanos, estimulou a criação de novas povoações em regiões fronteiriças e ainda escassamente ocupadas, povoando-as, urbanizando-as e elevando-as posteriormente a vilas.
De entre as várias reformas é de salientar a organização do ensino através da aplicação da reforma educativa; a educação estava sob a responsabilidade da Igreja e com a implementação da reforma religiosa pombalina e consequente expulsão dos jesuítas passou a estar sob o controlo do Estado.
D. Luís António de Sousa Botelho Mourão, Morgado de Mateus, was appointed by King José I at the suggestion of the Marquis of Pombal, to the post of governor of the captaincy of São Paulo (1765-1775) due to his military reputation and lineage. The Morgado de Mateus contributed to the implementation of Portuguese identity and culture in the province of São Paulo by pursuing his mission of restoration under Pombal guidelines. During his administration, and according to the colonial pact, the Governor had to implement Pombal’s economic reform in a mercantilist and monopolistic line, aiming to create wealth for the metropolis. The main concern of the governor was the social integration of the Paulista. He became interested in his way of being, seeing that it was important to understand them to be able to subsequently shape them, avoiding the possible cultural clashes. The governor knew from early on that the origin of this way of being was clutter and a “state of penury” of the captaincy and that only with a transformation of the Paulistas could it be restored. In performing its functions, the Governor straightened the economy of São Paulo by encouraging agriculture, and for this purpose he felt the need to identify and gather the population in urban centers, charged rents and tithes, and instituted the first Board of Finance of the captaincy. Due to the need to reorganize the territory, D. Luís António unleashed measures of exploitation through information from the residents, the mapping undertaken by himself and the militarization of the settlers for defense and conquest of territories. He stimulated the creation of new settlements in border regions and still sparsely occupied, populated them, urbanized them and later rose the settlements to villages; created and improved access across rivers and roads, implemented regular postal service, all with the aim of improving the supply chain and communication between people who previously were distant and isolated. Among the various reforms, the organization of teaching through the application of educational reform should be emphasized, at the time under the responsibility of the Church, and becoming under state control, in the context of the implementation of the Pombal religious reform by the expulsion of the Jesuits.
D. Luís António de Sousa Botelho Mourão, Morgado de Mateus, was appointed by King José I at the suggestion of the Marquis of Pombal, to the post of governor of the captaincy of São Paulo (1765-1775) due to his military reputation and lineage. The Morgado de Mateus contributed to the implementation of Portuguese identity and culture in the province of São Paulo by pursuing his mission of restoration under Pombal guidelines. During his administration, and according to the colonial pact, the Governor had to implement Pombal’s economic reform in a mercantilist and monopolistic line, aiming to create wealth for the metropolis. The main concern of the governor was the social integration of the Paulista. He became interested in his way of being, seeing that it was important to understand them to be able to subsequently shape them, avoiding the possible cultural clashes. The governor knew from early on that the origin of this way of being was clutter and a “state of penury” of the captaincy and that only with a transformation of the Paulistas could it be restored. In performing its functions, the Governor straightened the economy of São Paulo by encouraging agriculture, and for this purpose he felt the need to identify and gather the population in urban centers, charged rents and tithes, and instituted the first Board of Finance of the captaincy. Due to the need to reorganize the territory, D. Luís António unleashed measures of exploitation through information from the residents, the mapping undertaken by himself and the militarization of the settlers for defense and conquest of territories. He stimulated the creation of new settlements in border regions and still sparsely occupied, populated them, urbanized them and later rose the settlements to villages; created and improved access across rivers and roads, implemented regular postal service, all with the aim of improving the supply chain and communication between people who previously were distant and isolated. Among the various reforms, the organization of teaching through the application of educational reform should be emphasized, at the time under the responsibility of the Church, and becoming under state control, in the context of the implementation of the Pombal religious reform by the expulsion of the Jesuits.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências da Cultura
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Mourão, D. Luís António de Sousa Botelho, Morgado de Mateus, 1722-1798 , Cultura portuguesa , Reformador , Urbanizador