A gestão do stresse em profissionais de saúde no bloco operatório
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2016-05-23
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O stresse surge como uma resposta do organismo a acontecimentos significativos, podendo alterar a forma como uma pessoa sente, pensa e se comporta. O bloco operatório é um serviço onde os
momentos de stresse têm um forte impacto, visto que se desenvolvem atividades, muito específicas,
imprevisibilidade onde, por sua vez, a barreira entre a vida e a morte é ténue e onde se articulam
diversos profissionais de saúde, podendo levar ao aparecimento de tensões emocionais e relacionais.
Além disso, a gestão de um bloco operatório, é norteada por princípios, tais como: eficiência, a
efetividade e da eficácia, no sentido de se optimizarem recursos e da melhoria contínua dos processos
de cuidados. Neste sentido, delineamos o estudo como objectivo principal, conhecer quais os fatores
geradores de stresse nos médicos e enfermeiros que trabalham em contexto de Bloco Operatório e a
influência de variáveis (sociodemográficos, percurso profissional e aspetos físicos do serviço, relações
interpessoais dos profissionais de saúde e o cumprimento dos requisitos para cirurgia segura).O
enquadramento teórico abordou temas como: stresse em profissionais de saúde que trabalham em
contexto de bloco operatório, a gestão de saúde relacionada com o stresse, bloco operatório e
importância do cumprimento dos requisitos para uma cirurgia segura. A investigação empírica
assentou num estudo exploratório, descritivo, transversal de natureza quantitativa. A amostra foi
constituída por 98 participantes (médicos e enfermeiros) que trabalham em bloco operatório de dois
hospitais do distrito do Porto. A colheita de dados foi efetuada através de um questionário, composto
por quatro partes: caracterização sociodemográfica, aspetos físicos do serviço e aspetos do contexto do
trabalho, a segunda parte é constituída pela Escala de Relações Interpessoais no Trabalho, a terceira,
inclui o Questionário de Stresse no Profissionais de Saúde e a quarta parte, por uma Grelha de Registo
da Verificação de Cirurgia Segura.
Os resultados obtidos, na categoria dos médicos, verificamos que os participantes com mais idade, do
sexo feminino, com mais anos de experiência profissional em bloco operatório, com horário fixo, com
pior estrutura física no serviço, com mais dificuldades e adaptação a novas tecnologias e com piores
relações interpessoais, influenciem de forma estatisticamente significativa, maiores índices de stresse.
A nível dos enfermeiros, verificou-se que os participantes do sexo feminino, com mais anos de
experiência profissional em bloco operatório, horário fixo, num serviço com pior estrutura física, sem
incentivos, com maior número de conflitos profissionais, maior nível de absentismo e com mais
dificuldades de adaptação a novas tecnologias, influenciam estatisticamente significativa, maiores
índices de stresse. Podemos assim concluir que a relação entre as variáveis e o contexto em Bloco
Operatório, nos médicos e enfermeiros têm uma influencia estatisticamente significativa em maiores
níveis de stresse, excepto os requisitos para cirurgia segura.
Stress comes as an answer from the organism to significant events and it may change the way a person feels and behaves. The operating room is a service where stress moments have a strong impact, because very specific activities occur in an environment of great unpredictability, it’s a place where the line between life and death is very tenuous and where several health professionals articulate, which can lead to the appearance of emotional and relationship tensions. Apart from all this, the management of an operation room must follow certain principles, such as: efficacy, efficiency, effectiveness, so that all resources are optimized and a continuous improvement of health care is achieved. This way, we defined study as a main goal, find out which are the stress generator factors on doctors and nurses, who work in an operating room and the influence of the variables (socio-demographic, professional path, physical aspects of the service, the interpersonal relationship between the health professionals and the accomplishments of the requirements for a safe surgery). The theoretical framework addressed themes such as: stress in health professionals, who work in an operating room context, health management connected with stress, operating room, and the importance of the fulfillment of the requirements for a safe surgery. The empirical investigation was based on an exploratory, descriptive and transversal study of a quantitative nature. The sample was composed by 98 participants (doctors and nurses), who work in an operating room of two hospitals in the Oporto area. The gathering of data was performed through a questionnaire, divided into four parts: socio-demographic characterization, physical aspects of the service and the aspects of the work context, the second part is formed by the Scale of the Interpersonal Relationship at Work, the third includes the Stress Questionnaire in the Health Professionals and the fourth part, is formed by a grid of registry and verification of safe surgery. Through the obtained results, on the doctors category, we realized that the older participants, female, with more professional experience in the operating room, with a fix timetable, with the worst physical structure at service, with more difficulties in adapting to the new technologies and with the worst interpersonal relationship, influence in a strong statistical way, the higher stress levels. On the nurses level, we realized that the female participants, with more professional experience in the operating room, a fix schedule, in a service with a worse physical structure, without any incentives, with a higher number of professionals conflicts, more absenteeism and with higher adaptation difficulties to the new technologies, show statistically speaking higher stress levels. So we can conclude that the relation between the variables and the context in the operating room, on doctors and nurses, has a statistically significant influence in higher stress levels, except on the requirements for a safe surgery.
Stress comes as an answer from the organism to significant events and it may change the way a person feels and behaves. The operating room is a service where stress moments have a strong impact, because very specific activities occur in an environment of great unpredictability, it’s a place where the line between life and death is very tenuous and where several health professionals articulate, which can lead to the appearance of emotional and relationship tensions. Apart from all this, the management of an operation room must follow certain principles, such as: efficacy, efficiency, effectiveness, so that all resources are optimized and a continuous improvement of health care is achieved. This way, we defined study as a main goal, find out which are the stress generator factors on doctors and nurses, who work in an operating room and the influence of the variables (socio-demographic, professional path, physical aspects of the service, the interpersonal relationship between the health professionals and the accomplishments of the requirements for a safe surgery). The theoretical framework addressed themes such as: stress in health professionals, who work in an operating room context, health management connected with stress, operating room, and the importance of the fulfillment of the requirements for a safe surgery. The empirical investigation was based on an exploratory, descriptive and transversal study of a quantitative nature. The sample was composed by 98 participants (doctors and nurses), who work in an operating room of two hospitals in the Oporto area. The gathering of data was performed through a questionnaire, divided into four parts: socio-demographic characterization, physical aspects of the service and the aspects of the work context, the second part is formed by the Scale of the Interpersonal Relationship at Work, the third includes the Stress Questionnaire in the Health Professionals and the fourth part, is formed by a grid of registry and verification of safe surgery. Through the obtained results, on the doctors category, we realized that the older participants, female, with more professional experience in the operating room, with a fix timetable, with the worst physical structure at service, with more difficulties in adapting to the new technologies and with the worst interpersonal relationship, influence in a strong statistical way, the higher stress levels. On the nurses level, we realized that the female participants, with more professional experience in the operating room, a fix schedule, in a service with a worse physical structure, without any incentives, with a higher number of professionals conflicts, more absenteeism and with higher adaptation difficulties to the new technologies, show statistically speaking higher stress levels. So we can conclude that the relation between the variables and the context in the operating room, on doctors and nurses, has a statistically significant influence in higher stress levels, except on the requirements for a safe surgery.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão dos Serviços de Saúde
Palavras-chave
Profissionais de saúde , Stresse , Distrito do Porto (Portugal) , Salas de cirurgia