Intervenção e Requalificação das Ilhas Barreira e Ilhotes a Memória e Transformação dos Núcleos Urbanos
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2010
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Desde do século XIX, que a Ria Formosa e as suas ilhas barreira se encontram sujeitas a uma pressão antropogénica crescente, inicialmente menor devido às dificuldades ambientais, mas com o tempo a convergência de objectivos de pessoas singulares, levou ao aumento de pressões nas próprias ilhas, e a uma premente necessidade de ordenar e organizar as acções do homem sobre o território, em detrimento de uma possível perda do ecossistema global, e da unidade de paisagem que o caracteriza.
A Ria Formosa é uma área riquíssima em ecossistemas e biodiversidade, com um património cultural/natural singular a nível nacional. De acordo com a tendência actual, a Ria Formosa poderá perder o seu estatuto de área protegida, se não ocorrer uma transformação holística do seu ecossistema transformando-o num sistema auto-regulador e sustentável. Para tal, todos os elementos que compõem as partes do todo devem ser ordenados e organizados segundo as suas capacidades e aptidões, atendendo sempre às suas valências ambientais e potencialidades económicas.
Nos anos recentes, foi considerado como prioritário a intervenção ao longo da costa Portuguesa, focando como principal vector o seu ordenamento, ordenamento esse difícil de concretizar devido à desactualização, e falta de correlação entre os planos de ordenamento em vigor. Essa controvérsia aumenta quando se faz ordenamento, sem se pensar nas questões sociais urbanas/rurais locais.
É neste contexto que se centra esta tese. Ao longo dos anos, as ilhas barreira da Ria Formosa têm sido povoadas por famílias, em busca de uma melhor qualidade de vida, procurando no recurso natural a fonte para o seu rendimento. Contudo, e como a espécie humana, tem tendência para o parasitismo, essas pequenas comunidades, cresceram e o que inicialmente seria uma ocupação sazonal, passou a ser uma ocupação permanente, com alteração de hábitos de sobrevivência, deixando-se de lado as práticas tradicionais, em detrimento do negócio fácil relacionado com o turismo de massas.
Esse crescimento, levou ao aumento do consumo de recursos bem como o aumento de resíduos produzidos, pondo em causa o desenvolvimento do sistema urbano e a continuidade da ria, bem como o seu estatuto de protecção.
A pergunta que se faz é, poderemos nós manter estas comunidades eternamente nas ilhas barreira, preservar e conservar ao mesmo tempo um ecossistema como a Ria Formosa?
Que tipo de turismo se adequa à realidade actual para a Ria Formosa? Como ordenar pressões, em função de capacidades e aptidões de uso de solo, na ria?
É, pois, objectivo deste trabalho clarificar, e esboçar opções ou possíveis cenários para estes casos, com vista à realização ambiental e social de forma sustentável, bem como ao bem-estar humano.
O desenvolvimento sustentável a nível dos núcleos propostos, deve ser implementado no contexto de um processo holístico, dando aos habitantes a noção de posse e responsabilidade, e um envolvimento directo na prática de ordenamento do seu núcleo e da sua contribuição para a sobrevivência da ria. Para isso, a sustentabilidade ambiental deverá caminhar lado a lado com uma sustentabilidade económica, com a implementação de conceitos como o Ecoturismo e Eco comunidades, proporcionando emprego, seja ele relacionado com práticas tradicionais ou não. Para pôr em prática tais conceitos, é preciso instaurar métodos activos de participação entre as entidades que têm a sua actividade na ria, para que o planeamento e o ordenamento sustentáveis desta região sejam uma realidade.
Since the nineteenth century, the Ria Formosa and its barrier islands are subject to an increasing anthropogenic pressure, initially lower due to environmental difficulties, but over time the convergence of individual’s objectives has led to increasing pressures on the islands themselves, which led to a present need to sort and organize the actions of man over the territory, rather than a possible loss of the global ecosystem, and landscape unit that characterizes it. The Ria Formosa is an area rich in biodiversity and ecosystems, with a cultural heritage/ natural landscape, nationally unique. According to current trends, the Ria Formosa may lose its status as a protected area, unless there is an holistic transformation of its ecosystem making it a self-regulatory system, as well as sustainable. To this end, all the elements that constitute the whole must be sorted and arranged according to their capacities and capabilities, always taking their environmental valences and economic potential. In recent years, was considered as priority interventions along the Portuguese coast, focusing on its main vector assessment, assessment that difficult to achieve due to outdated plans, and a lack of correlation between the development plans. This controversy increases when planning is made without thinking in social urban/rural locations. This is the focuses of this thesis. Over the years, the Ria Formosa and barrier islands have been populated by families in search of a better quality of life, looking at natural resources to source for their income. However, as the human species has a tendency to parasitism, these small communities have grown and what was initially a seasonal occupation became a permanent settlement, with changing habits of survival, leaving aside traditional practices, and turn to easy business related to mass tourism. This growth has led to an increased consumption of resources and as well as an increased waste produced, undermining the development of the urban system and the continuity of the Ria, and their protection status. The question that arises is, can we keep these communities on barrier islands forever, protecting and preserving an ecosystem at the same time as the Ria Formosa? What kind of tourism fits the current reality to the Ria Formosa? How to sort pressures, depending on capacities and capabilities of land use in the Ria? It is therefore, a clear objective of this work, outline possible options or scenarios for these questions, to achieve environmental and social sustainable manner, as well as the human well-being. Sustainable development at the core proposed must be implemented within a holistic process, giving people a certain sense of ownership and responsibility, and simultaneously a direct involvement in planning practice from its core and its contribution to the survival of the estuary. For this, environmental sustainability must go hand in hand with economic sustainability, with the implementation of concepts such as the Ecotourism and Eco communities, providing jobs, be it related to traditional or not. To implement these concepts, we need to introduce active methods of participation among the entities that have their activity in the estuary, so that the spatial planning and sustainability in this region becomes a reality.
Since the nineteenth century, the Ria Formosa and its barrier islands are subject to an increasing anthropogenic pressure, initially lower due to environmental difficulties, but over time the convergence of individual’s objectives has led to increasing pressures on the islands themselves, which led to a present need to sort and organize the actions of man over the territory, rather than a possible loss of the global ecosystem, and landscape unit that characterizes it. The Ria Formosa is an area rich in biodiversity and ecosystems, with a cultural heritage/ natural landscape, nationally unique. According to current trends, the Ria Formosa may lose its status as a protected area, unless there is an holistic transformation of its ecosystem making it a self-regulatory system, as well as sustainable. To this end, all the elements that constitute the whole must be sorted and arranged according to their capacities and capabilities, always taking their environmental valences and economic potential. In recent years, was considered as priority interventions along the Portuguese coast, focusing on its main vector assessment, assessment that difficult to achieve due to outdated plans, and a lack of correlation between the development plans. This controversy increases when planning is made without thinking in social urban/rural locations. This is the focuses of this thesis. Over the years, the Ria Formosa and barrier islands have been populated by families in search of a better quality of life, looking at natural resources to source for their income. However, as the human species has a tendency to parasitism, these small communities have grown and what was initially a seasonal occupation became a permanent settlement, with changing habits of survival, leaving aside traditional practices, and turn to easy business related to mass tourism. This growth has led to an increased consumption of resources and as well as an increased waste produced, undermining the development of the urban system and the continuity of the Ria, and their protection status. The question that arises is, can we keep these communities on barrier islands forever, protecting and preserving an ecosystem at the same time as the Ria Formosa? What kind of tourism fits the current reality to the Ria Formosa? How to sort pressures, depending on capacities and capabilities of land use in the Ria? It is therefore, a clear objective of this work, outline possible options or scenarios for these questions, to achieve environmental and social sustainable manner, as well as the human well-being. Sustainable development at the core proposed must be implemented within a holistic process, giving people a certain sense of ownership and responsibility, and simultaneously a direct involvement in planning practice from its core and its contribution to the survival of the estuary. For this, environmental sustainability must go hand in hand with economic sustainability, with the implementation of concepts such as the Ecotourism and Eco communities, providing jobs, be it related to traditional or not. To implement these concepts, we need to introduce active methods of participation among the entities that have their activity in the estuary, so that the spatial planning and sustainability in this region becomes a reality.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista
Palavras-chave
Ria Formosa , Ilhas barreira , Ordenamento , Paisagem Natural e Cultural , Urbanismo