Técnicas de tracking sem marcas em aplicações de realidade mista
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2016-08-18
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A Realidade Mista (RM) tem como objetivo fornecer ao utilizador uma perceção
melhorada da realidade. Para que tal aconteça, o conteúdo virtual é sobreposto numa vista do
mundo real, ou vice-versa, dependendo do tipo de conteúdo que é predominante. Assim,
designa-se por Realidade Aumentada (RA), quando existe uma maior predominância do
conteúdo real, ou por Virtualidade Aumentada (VA), quando há uma maior predominância do
conteúdo virtual.
O trabalho desenvolvido nesta dissertação insere-se no contexto do projeto de
investigação e desenvolvimento (I&D) Mixed Augmented Reality (MixAR), o qual visou o
desenvolvimento de um sistema de RM adaptativa para sítios arqueológicos. Este sistema tem
como objetivo principal proporcionar aos seus utilizadores a observação do esplendor inicial
dos edifícios que outrora existiram nos sítios arqueológicos, recorrendo para isso a técnicas de
RM para a visualização de reconstruções virtuais, historicamente corretas, sobrepostas nas
estruturas/ruínas atuais, caso subsistam, ou no local onde outrora existiram.
Esta dissertação propõe e implementa uma metodologia de tracking adequada aos
requisitos definidos para o projeto MixAR. Desde o início, foi definido que seria usada uma
técnica de tracking baseada em imagens e sem marcas, de modo a evitar a colocação de
elementos intrusivos nos sítios arqueológicos. Tendo por base os requisitos definidos para o
projeto e a plataforma de desenvolvimento selecionada, foi efetuada uma análise e
comparação das diversas técnicas de tracking sem marcas, disponibilizadas por essa
plataforma. Com base nesse estudo foram selecionadas e adaptadas algumas dessas técnicas
de tracking. O trabalho aqui desenvolvido foi integrado na aplicação que é executada na
unidade móvel, designada MixAR App. Face às alterações efetuadas ao longo do
desenvolvimento da metodologia de tracking, foram produzidas duas versões desta aplicação
(V1.0 e V2.0). A aplicação e a correspondente metodologia de tracking implementada foram
testadas e avaliadas. Na primeira versão da aplicação foram apenas efetuados testes de
desempenho. Já na segunda versão, além de testes de desempenho, foram efetuados testes
com utilizadores. Uma análise dos resultados dos testes de desempenho e dos questionários
(preenchidos pelos utilizadores após a realização dos testes) levou à conclusão de que as
unidades móveis imersivas obtiveram, de uma forma consistente, melhores resultados que as
unidades móveis não imersivas relativamente ao desempenho e ao sucesso na realização das
tarefas relacionadas com o tracking.
Mixed Reality (MR) aims to provide the user with an improved perception of reality. For this to happen, the virtual content is superimposed on a view of the real world, or vice versa, depending on the type of content that is predominant. Therefore, it is called Augmented Reality (AR), when there is a predominance of the real content, or Augmented Virtuality (AV), when there is a greater prevalence of the virtual content. The work developed in this dissertation inserts in the context of the project of research and development Mixed Augmented Reality (MixAR), which aimed at developing an adaptive MR system for archeological sites. The main goal of this system is to provide its users the observation of the initial splendor of buildings that once existed on archeological sites, relying on MR techniques to visualize virtual reconstructions, historically correct, overlapped in their current structures/ruins, in case they exist, or where they once existed. This dissertation proposes and implements a tracking methodology appropriate for the requirements set for the MixAR project. From the beginning, it was defined that it would be used a tracking technique based on images and markerless, in order to avoid placing intrusive elements in archeological sites. Based upon the requirements set for the project and the selected development platform, an analysis and comparison of the different markerless tracking techniques available for this platform was made. This study resulted in the selection and adaptation of some of these tracking techniques. The work developed here has been integrated in the application running on the mobile unit, called Mix App. Given the changes made throughout the development of the tracking methodology, two versions of this application were produced (V1.0 and V2.0). The application and the corresponding tracking methodology implemented were tested and evaluated. In the first version of the application only performance tests were carried out. In the second version, as well as performance testing, tests with users were performed. An analysis of the results of performance tests and questionnaires (filled by the users after the tests) led to the conclusion that the immersive mobile units obtained, in a consistent way, better results that the non-immersive mobile units regarding the performance and success in carrying out the tasks related to the tracking.
Mixed Reality (MR) aims to provide the user with an improved perception of reality. For this to happen, the virtual content is superimposed on a view of the real world, or vice versa, depending on the type of content that is predominant. Therefore, it is called Augmented Reality (AR), when there is a predominance of the real content, or Augmented Virtuality (AV), when there is a greater prevalence of the virtual content. The work developed in this dissertation inserts in the context of the project of research and development Mixed Augmented Reality (MixAR), which aimed at developing an adaptive MR system for archeological sites. The main goal of this system is to provide its users the observation of the initial splendor of buildings that once existed on archeological sites, relying on MR techniques to visualize virtual reconstructions, historically correct, overlapped in their current structures/ruins, in case they exist, or where they once existed. This dissertation proposes and implements a tracking methodology appropriate for the requirements set for the MixAR project. From the beginning, it was defined that it would be used a tracking technique based on images and markerless, in order to avoid placing intrusive elements in archeological sites. Based upon the requirements set for the project and the selected development platform, an analysis and comparison of the different markerless tracking techniques available for this platform was made. This study resulted in the selection and adaptation of some of these tracking techniques. The work developed here has been integrated in the application running on the mobile unit, called Mix App. Given the changes made throughout the development of the tracking methodology, two versions of this application were produced (V1.0 and V2.0). The application and the corresponding tracking methodology implemented were tested and evaluated. In the first version of the application only performance tests were carried out. In the second version, as well as performance testing, tests with users were performed. An analysis of the results of performance tests and questionnaires (filled by the users after the tests) led to the conclusion that the immersive mobile units obtained, in a consistent way, better results that the non-immersive mobile units regarding the performance and success in carrying out the tasks related to the tracking.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Informática
Palavras-chave
Realidade virtual , Realidade aumentada , Realidade mista