Efeito do jejum na resposta metabólica e hormonal durante e após a execução de um exercício predominantemente aeróbio
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2016-09-20
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O principal objetivo do presente estudo é observar qual o efeito da execução de um
exercício predominantemente aeróbio, (EPA), em jejum ou alimentado, na resposta
ventilatória durante e após, no substrato preferencialmente utilizado (Hidratos de
Carbono ou Gorduras), nos marcadores Hormonais (Testosterona e Cortisol), e em
marcadores metabólicos (enzima Lipase, Glicose e Ácidos Gordos Livres). Para o
efeito, 9 participantes do sexo masculinos, caucasianos, saudáveis, com 21,89±2,52
anos de idade, 72,10±4,31 Kg de massa corporal, 175,89±5,16 cm de estatura e
7,25±2,11 % de gordura estimada foram sujeitos, de forma voluntária e randomizada, a
duas sessões de estudo idênticas, que diferiram entre si apenas na alimentação prévia
à realização do EPA. Uma das sessões foi efetuada em jejum (SJ) e a outra sessão
com uma refeição prévia padronizada (SA). As sessões consistiam na realização de 45
minutos de caminhada, no tapete rolante, a uma intensidade correspondente ao
primeiro limiar ventilatório individualizado. As sessões tiveram um intervalo entre si de
72 horas e ambas iniciaram cerca das 8.00 horas, após jejum de 12 horas. Foram
analisados: o consumo de oxigénio (VO2) absoluto e relativo e a frequência cardíaca
(FC), antes, durante e 30 minutos após a sessão de exercícios; a razão de troca
respiratória (R) e o substrato energético preferencialmente utilizado durante a execução
do EPA; os hormônios nos momentos repouso, logo após e 15 minutos após; e os
marcadores metabólicos nos momentos repouso, 15 e 30 minutos durante, logo após,
15 e 30 minutos após. Somente se observou diferenças significativas entre sessões no
Cortisol (C), razão Testosterona/Cortisol (RTC), Glicose (GLI) e Ácidos Graxos Livres
(AGL). No C, GLI e AGL foi observado valores, significativamente (p<0,05), inferiores
na SA em relação à SJ, nos momentos Logo após e 15 minutos após no C e em todos
os momentos, com exceção do momento repouso e 15 minutos após na GLI e no
repouso e 15 minutos nos AGL. Foi, igualmente, observado valores, significativamente
(P<0,05), superiores de RTC no momento 15 minutos após na SA em relação à SJ.
Tendo como base os resultados apresentados no presente estudo, podemos concluir
que a utilização de um EPA em jejum não nos parece proporcionar vantagens quanto à
perda de gordura em relação ao mesmo exercício executado com uma alimentação
prévia.
The main objective of this study is to observe what effect the execution of a predominantly aerobic exercise (PAE) fasted or fed in ventilatory response during and after, the preferably used substrate (carbohydrates or fats) in Hormonal markers (Testosterone and Cortisol), and metabolic markers (Lipase enzyme, glucose and Free Fatty Acids). For this purpose, nine caucasian male, healthy, with 21.89 ± 2.52 years, 72.10 ± 4.31 kg of body weight, 175.89 ± 5.16 cm height and 7 25 ± 2.11% of estimated body fat, were subjected, voluntarily and randomly, to two identical study sessions, which differed only in meal prior to the completion of PAE. One session was carried out on fasting (FAST) and another session prior to a standardized meal (FED). The sessions consisted in performed 45-minute walking on the treadmill at an intensity corresponding to the first individual ventilatory threshold. The sessions have an interval between them of 72 hours and both started about 8.00 hours, after fasting for 12 hours. It was analyzed: oxygen consumption (VO2) and the absolute and relative heart rate (HR), before, during and 30 minutes after exercise session; the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and energy substrate preferably used during execution of the PAE; hormones in rest times, immediately after and 15 minutes after; and metabolic markers in rest times, over 15 and 30 minutes, immediately after, 15 minutes and 30 minutes after. We only observed significant differences between sessions in cortisol (C), Testosterone/Cortisol ratio (TCR), Glucose (GLU) and Free Fatty Acids (FFA). It was observed significantly lower values (p <0.05) in FED compared to FAST on C, GLU and FFA. The differences between sessions were observed: in C at the moments immediately after and 15 minutes after; in GLU at all times with the exception of resting time and 15 minutes after; and on FFA at rest and over the minute 15. It was also observed significantly higher values (P <0.05) on TCR in 15 minutes after the FED in relation to FAST. Based on the results presented in this study, we conclude that the use of a fasting PAE does not seem to provide advantages in terms of fat loss over the same exercise performed with a prior meal.
The main objective of this study is to observe what effect the execution of a predominantly aerobic exercise (PAE) fasted or fed in ventilatory response during and after, the preferably used substrate (carbohydrates or fats) in Hormonal markers (Testosterone and Cortisol), and metabolic markers (Lipase enzyme, glucose and Free Fatty Acids). For this purpose, nine caucasian male, healthy, with 21.89 ± 2.52 years, 72.10 ± 4.31 kg of body weight, 175.89 ± 5.16 cm height and 7 25 ± 2.11% of estimated body fat, were subjected, voluntarily and randomly, to two identical study sessions, which differed only in meal prior to the completion of PAE. One session was carried out on fasting (FAST) and another session prior to a standardized meal (FED). The sessions consisted in performed 45-minute walking on the treadmill at an intensity corresponding to the first individual ventilatory threshold. The sessions have an interval between them of 72 hours and both started about 8.00 hours, after fasting for 12 hours. It was analyzed: oxygen consumption (VO2) and the absolute and relative heart rate (HR), before, during and 30 minutes after exercise session; the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and energy substrate preferably used during execution of the PAE; hormones in rest times, immediately after and 15 minutes after; and metabolic markers in rest times, over 15 and 30 minutes, immediately after, 15 minutes and 30 minutes after. We only observed significant differences between sessions in cortisol (C), Testosterone/Cortisol ratio (TCR), Glucose (GLU) and Free Fatty Acids (FFA). It was observed significantly lower values (p <0.05) in FED compared to FAST on C, GLU and FFA. The differences between sessions were observed: in C at the moments immediately after and 15 minutes after; in GLU at all times with the exception of resting time and 15 minutes after; and on FFA at rest and over the minute 15. It was also observed significantly higher values (P <0.05) on TCR in 15 minutes after the FED in relation to FAST. Based on the results presented in this study, we conclude that the use of a fasting PAE does not seem to provide advantages in terms of fat loss over the same exercise performed with a prior meal.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências do Desporto, Especialização em Avaliação e Prescrição nas Atividades Físicas Desportivas
Palavras-chave
Exercícios físicos (aeróbio) , Jejum , Consumo de oxigénio , Resposta hormonal , Resposta metabólica