Análise e otimização do sistema de iluminação de um edifício público
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2016-09-23
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Nos últimos anos, verificou-se um crescimento exponencial de grandes edifícios, levando a um aumento do consumo de energia, sendo que a iluminação representa cerca de 30% do consumo global. A regulamentação em vigor exige que os edifícios de serviços apresentem consumos energéticos abaixo de determinados valores limites. A atualização dos sistemas de iluminação apresenta um potencial de poupança no consumo global de energia de cerca de 21% (DGEG, 2005) nos edifícios de serviços existentes, tornando esta medida numa das mais importantes a implementar.
Este trabalho visa analisar a viabilidade técnica e económica da substituição de sistemas de iluminação atualmente instalados num edifício de um estabelecimento de ensino superior, por outros mais eficientes, quer a nível da qualidade de iluminação, bem como a nível do consumo energético.
Numa primeira fase começar-se-á por efetuar o levantamento dos sistemas de iluminação existentes em todos os espaços do edifício. O consumo de energia elétrica será estimado através da potência instalada e dos perfis de utilização de cada espaço. A avaliação da qualidade de iluminação será efetuada pela via experimental, através de um luxímetro e por um programa de simulação numérica, o DIALux. De seguida, faz-se uma análise dos consumos de energia e do nível de qualidade da iluminação para os espaços tipo. Dos resultados obtidos, verifica-se que os sistemas de iluminação instalados no edifício são energeticamente pouco eficientes e, nalguns casos, também não asseguram os níveis de iluminância recomendados segundo a norma (EN 12464-1, 2002) essencialmente causado pela falta de manutenção pois o sistema de iluminação instalado está em muitos espaços sobredimensionado. Segue-se a avaliação técnica e económica da instalação de um novo sistema de iluminação em cada tipo de espaço, o qual deve corrigir os níveis de iluminação para os recomendados e ser energeticamente mais eficiente que o atual. Com esta análise foi possível concluir que a qualidade de iluminação nos espaços que requerem maior destreza visual é fraca, quer em termos de iluminância no plano de trabalho, quer em termos da uniformidade da luz no espaço e que os sistemas atuais possuem grandes perdas de energia, pois operam com balastros magnéticos, que substituídos por eletrónicos economizam em média 25 % do consumo energético em iluminação. Realizando um investimento de 23279,47 € com PRI de 2,91 anos, na implementação do sistema recomendado, o EEI-UTAD passará a consumir cerca de 86984,57 kWh (redução no consumo de 39,45 %) por ano, levando a uma poupança anual de 7934,23 €.
In the last years, there was an exponential growth of big buildings, which caused the increase of energy consumption of which illumination represents around 30% of the global consumption. The present legislation requires that the public services buildings have energetic consumptions below specific limit values. The update of lighting systems presents a potential economy in the global energy consumption of about 21% (DGEG, 2005) in the existing services buildings, which makes this measure one of the most important to be implemented. This assignment aims the analysis of the technical and economical viability of substituting the existing lighting systems in a building of a university for more efficient ones, both at lighting quality and energetic consumption level. Firstly, it will be done a survey of the existing lighting systems in every room of the building. The consumption of energy will be estimated through the installed power and the profile of the utilization of each room. The evaluation of the quality of lighting will be made with an experimental study, using a light meter and a program of numerical simulation, the DIALux. Then, it will be carried out an analysis of the energy consumption and the lighting quality of the type-spaces. From the results so obtained it can be verified that the systems which are installed in the building are not efficient enough in what energy is concerned and in some cases they don’t assure the levels of illuminance recommend by the rule (EN12464-1, 2002). This is mainly caused by lack of maintenance, as the light system is over dimensioned in many rooms. Afterwards it will be done the technical and economical evaluation of a new lighting system in every kind of space, which should correct the levels of lighting for the recommended ones and be energetically more efficient than the present one. With this analysis it was possible to conclude that the quality of lighting in the rooms which need more visual capability (reading and writing for instances) is low, both in illuminance in the working place and uniformity of light in the room, because they use magnetic ballasts, which, if replaced by electronic ones would economize around 25% of the energetic consumption in lighting. Investing € 23279.47 and a payback of 2.91 years, by implementing the recommended system the Building of Engineering I of Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro will consume around 86984.57 kWh (a reduction in consumption of 39.45%) a year, which represents an annual saving of € 7934,23.
In the last years, there was an exponential growth of big buildings, which caused the increase of energy consumption of which illumination represents around 30% of the global consumption. The present legislation requires that the public services buildings have energetic consumptions below specific limit values. The update of lighting systems presents a potential economy in the global energy consumption of about 21% (DGEG, 2005) in the existing services buildings, which makes this measure one of the most important to be implemented. This assignment aims the analysis of the technical and economical viability of substituting the existing lighting systems in a building of a university for more efficient ones, both at lighting quality and energetic consumption level. Firstly, it will be done a survey of the existing lighting systems in every room of the building. The consumption of energy will be estimated through the installed power and the profile of the utilization of each room. The evaluation of the quality of lighting will be made with an experimental study, using a light meter and a program of numerical simulation, the DIALux. Then, it will be carried out an analysis of the energy consumption and the lighting quality of the type-spaces. From the results so obtained it can be verified that the systems which are installed in the building are not efficient enough in what energy is concerned and in some cases they don’t assure the levels of illuminance recommend by the rule (EN12464-1, 2002). This is mainly caused by lack of maintenance, as the light system is over dimensioned in many rooms. Afterwards it will be done the technical and economical evaluation of a new lighting system in every kind of space, which should correct the levels of lighting for the recommended ones and be energetically more efficient than the present one. With this analysis it was possible to conclude that the quality of lighting in the rooms which need more visual capability (reading and writing for instances) is low, both in illuminance in the working place and uniformity of light in the room, because they use magnetic ballasts, which, if replaced by electronic ones would economize around 25% of the energetic consumption in lighting. Investing € 23279.47 and a payback of 2.91 years, by implementing the recommended system the Building of Engineering I of Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro will consume around 86984.57 kWh (a reduction in consumption of 39.45%) a year, which represents an annual saving of € 7934,23.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores
Palavras-chave
Auditoria energética , Eficiência energética , Iluminação artificial , Luminotecnia