Processos de obras de infra-estruturas viárias municipais: uma análise dos desvios de custo e de prazo
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2010
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A presente dissertação tem por tema principal a análise dos desvios de custos e prazos nas
empreitadas de obras públicas de construção e pavimentação de vias de comunicação municipais.
Um tema de indiscutível relevância financeira, política e mediática mas que não tem merecido a
atenção desejável nos meios académicos e científico.
Na verdade, vários têm sido os relatórios técnicos e de auditoria, os artigos de opinião e as
notícias nos meios de comunicação social que apontam para as derrapagens financeiras e
temporais na execução das obras públicas e em particular das obras de vias de comunicação.
Segundo os diferentes autores, as causas desses desvios e atrasos são previsivelmente múltiplas e
complexas, sendo reconhecido por todos a falta de estudos aprofundados de carácter científico que
permitam determinar e avaliar a sua origem e a sua amplitude. Uma lacuna que, de algum modo,
este trabalho pretende minimizar.
A dissertação está organizada em duas partes. Na primeira procede-se a uma análise
pormenorizada dos processos de execução e do enquadramento legal das empreitadas de obras
públicas e a uma revisão do estado da arte da problemática dos atrasos e dos desvios de custos.
Na segunda realiza-se um Estudo de Caso que abrange cerca de meia centena de obras municipais
de vias de comunicação realizadas nos últimos anos em concelhos do Distrito de Bragança e à
enumeração de um conjunto de recomendações e de medidas de prevenção a ter em conta na
preparação e lançamento de empreitadas públicas desta natureza.
A principal conclusão retirada deste trabalho é que na origem destes desvios de custos e
prazos tem a ver com o modelo de contratação, gestão e controlo da qualidade dos projectos. Com
efeito, as deficiências dos projectos são uma das causas mais significativas dos problemas e
conflitos na execução das empreitadas de obras públicas. Um bom projecto, isento de erros,
omissões e ambiguidades, é uma condição prévia fundamental para a redução significativa dos
problemas de trabalhos e mais e atrasos verificados e para o sucesso da própria empreitada.
This research is focused on the cost and duration deviations of the Portuguese public road building contract analysis which is undoubtedly a relevant issue taking into account the actual worldwide economic situation and, in particular, the Portuguese one, and because it is linked with financial and political decisions. Thus, it may be a delicate and, therefore, should be treated more carefully by the academic and the scientific communities. Several technical reports, auditing reports, opinion papers and news on the media have highlighted this problem concerned the unexpected final over cost and extra timing consumption related to public building process. Different authors have stated there are an enormously amount of factors, which may be interconnected to each, that cause the above problem resulting in a very complex system. Finding the source and the magnitude of those factors are the first step to solve this problem. This research work intends to do a contribution in this issue. This thesis is structured as follows: Firstly, a bibliographic review concerning the current applied Portuguese regulation related to legal frame of this type of public building contracts and the problematic of the unexpected over cost and the unexpected building delay is done. Secondly, a case of study of Bragança District is described and performed. In which, it was included approximately fifty roads building Municipality building contracts performed recently. Thirdly, a set of technical procedures and preventive measures are identified and their application is suggested for future roads building contract processes. Finally, the main conclusions are drawn. The main conclusion of this research work is that the main cause of the above identified problem is directly related to the contract model and the management and the control of the design quality. In fact, it is required to guaranty that a design fulfill the expectations in which errors, omissions and ambiguities are not included.
This research is focused on the cost and duration deviations of the Portuguese public road building contract analysis which is undoubtedly a relevant issue taking into account the actual worldwide economic situation and, in particular, the Portuguese one, and because it is linked with financial and political decisions. Thus, it may be a delicate and, therefore, should be treated more carefully by the academic and the scientific communities. Several technical reports, auditing reports, opinion papers and news on the media have highlighted this problem concerned the unexpected final over cost and extra timing consumption related to public building process. Different authors have stated there are an enormously amount of factors, which may be interconnected to each, that cause the above problem resulting in a very complex system. Finding the source and the magnitude of those factors are the first step to solve this problem. This research work intends to do a contribution in this issue. This thesis is structured as follows: Firstly, a bibliographic review concerning the current applied Portuguese regulation related to legal frame of this type of public building contracts and the problematic of the unexpected over cost and the unexpected building delay is done. Secondly, a case of study of Bragança District is described and performed. In which, it was included approximately fifty roads building Municipality building contracts performed recently. Thirdly, a set of technical procedures and preventive measures are identified and their application is suggested for future roads building contract processes. Finally, the main conclusions are drawn. The main conclusion of this research work is that the main cause of the above identified problem is directly related to the contract model and the management and the control of the design quality. In fact, it is required to guaranty that a design fulfill the expectations in which errors, omissions and ambiguities are not included.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia e Planeamento Municipal