Eimeriose em vitelos no Concelho de Barcelos
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2010
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As coccídeas do género Eimeria, parasitas intestinais, são conhecidas por provocarem, em fase clínica - a ponta do iceberg , diarreia de menor ou maior gravidade e por vezes a morte em vitelos jovens. Esta dissertação teve como objectivo principal determinar a presença de Eimeria spp. em vitelos aparentemente saudáveis e para presumível reposição em explorações leiteiras do Concelho de Barcelos. Deste modo, foram recolhidas 101 amostras de fezes de vitelos clinicamente saudáveis, com idades de 3 a 10 semanas distribuídos por 27 explorações do Concelho de Barcelos. As recolhas foram efectuadas no período compreendido entre 19 de Abril e 27 de Maio de 2010. Por cada animal registaram-se adicionalmente a idade, data de recolha, exploração e localização da mesma, aasim como o tipo de estabulação dos vitelos. Para a pesquisa de oocitos de Eimeria spp. as amostras foram enviadas ao laboratório SEGALAB SA (4465-734 Leça do Balio; http://www.segalab.pt/) para análise coprológica segundo o método de Benchtop por flutuação simples (Benchtop simple flotation procedure). Para cada amostra, foi somente considerada a espécie com maior número de oocitos observados. Os resultados obtidos permitiram detectar a presença de oocistos do género Eimeria em 47,5% (48/101) dos vitelos e em 81,5% (22/27) das explorações. Das explorações (n=19) nas quais se recolheram 2 ou mais amostras positivas, foram identificadas infestações mistas em 47, 4% (9/19) e simples em 52,6% (10/19; P> 0,05). Foram identificadas, de um total de 48 vitelos positivos as espécies E. alabamensis (29%), E. bovis (21%), E. zuernii (17%), E. ellipsoidalis (17%), E. subspherica (12%) e E. cylindrica (4%). Não foi observado qualquer pico de infestação de acordo com a idade dos vitelos infestados (51,1±2,0 dias; n=48) ou não infestados (53,0±1,8 dias; n=53; P>0,05), mesmo quando considerada cada espécie de Eimeria. Também não se verificaram diferenças significativas na percentagem de animais infestados quando colocados em cubículos individuais (44,3%; 27/61) ou em grupo nas explorações (52,5%; 21/40; P>0,05). Foi observada uma maior percentagem (P<0,05) de E. ellipsoidalis em explorações cujos vitelos estão em grupo (75%; 6/8) e, contrariamente, uma maior percentagem (P<0,05) de E. zuernii em animais estabulados individualmente (75%; 6/8). Estes dados permitiram confirmar que as duas espécies mais prevalentes nas explorações em estudo no Concelho (Sul) de Barcelos foram a E. alabamensis e a E. bovis. No entanto, outras espécies, mesmo que de cariz predominante não patogénico estão presentes em algumas destas explorações. Devido a esta ubiquidade e suas diferenças entre diferentes tipos de estabulações, são necessários mais estudos que nos indiquem os reais pontos críticos de infestação. Adicionalmente, são precisos estudos sobre o maneio zootécnico e sanitário dos vitelos com especial incidência sobre o estado imunitário dos animais.
Coccidea from the genus Eimeria are intestinal parasites, known to cause, in an acute phase- the tip of the iceberg, minor or major diarrhea and death in some young calves. The principal objective of this dissertation was to determine the presence of Eimeria spp. in apparently healthy calves possibly meant for reposition in dairy farms within the council of Barcelos. As such, a total of 101 samples of faeces from clinically healthy calves between the ages of 3 to 10 weeks and distributed amongst 27 farms in the county of Barcelos were collected. The sampling was carried out from the 19th of April until the 27th of May 2010. Additionally, for each animal, it was also registered the age, sampling date, the respective farm and its location as well as the housing types. For the search of oocyts from the Eimeria spp. all samples were sent to the SEGALAB SA analysis laboratory (4465-734 Leça do Balio; http://www.segalab.pt/) for coprological analysis through the “Benchtop (simple) flotation procedure” method. For each sample, only the specie with the most observed oocyts was considered. The obtained results allowed the detect of oocyts from the Eimeria genus in 47,5% (48/101) of the calves and in 81,5% (22/27) of the farms. Regarding the farms, were 2 or more positives samples were collected (n=19), 47,4% (9/19) a mixed infestation was detected while in 52,6% of them (10/19; P<0,05) only a simple infestation was present. From a total of 48 positive calves, the species E. alabamensis (29%), E. bovis (21%), E. zuernii (17%), E. ellipsoidalis (17%), E. subspherica (12%) and E. cylindrica (4%) were identified. There was no age related pick of infestation in the infested (51,1±2,0 days; n=48), or not infested calves (53,0±1,8 days; n=53; P>0,05), even when each of Eimeria specie was considered. Also no significative differences in the percentage of infested animals was verified when these, in the farms, were placed in individual cubicles (44,3%; 27/61) or in a group (52,5%; 21/40; P>0.05). A higher percentage (P<0,05) of E. ellipsoidalis was observed in farms where the calves where housed in group (75%; 6/8; P<0,05) and, in opposition, a higher percentage of E. zuernii in individually housed animals (75%; 6/8). This data permitted the confirmation that the two most prevalent species within the studied farms in the council of Barcelos are E. alabamensis and E. bovis. Other species, however, of non pathogenic and predominant character are also present in some of these farms. Due to this ubiquity and its differences amongst different types of housing, more studies are needed in order to truly ascertain the real infestation critical points. Additionally, more studies in calf zootechnical handling and sanitation are needed with particular incidence to the animal’s immunological status.
Coccidea from the genus Eimeria are intestinal parasites, known to cause, in an acute phase- the tip of the iceberg, minor or major diarrhea and death in some young calves. The principal objective of this dissertation was to determine the presence of Eimeria spp. in apparently healthy calves possibly meant for reposition in dairy farms within the council of Barcelos. As such, a total of 101 samples of faeces from clinically healthy calves between the ages of 3 to 10 weeks and distributed amongst 27 farms in the county of Barcelos were collected. The sampling was carried out from the 19th of April until the 27th of May 2010. Additionally, for each animal, it was also registered the age, sampling date, the respective farm and its location as well as the housing types. For the search of oocyts from the Eimeria spp. all samples were sent to the SEGALAB SA analysis laboratory (4465-734 Leça do Balio; http://www.segalab.pt/) for coprological analysis through the “Benchtop (simple) flotation procedure” method. For each sample, only the specie with the most observed oocyts was considered. The obtained results allowed the detect of oocyts from the Eimeria genus in 47,5% (48/101) of the calves and in 81,5% (22/27) of the farms. Regarding the farms, were 2 or more positives samples were collected (n=19), 47,4% (9/19) a mixed infestation was detected while in 52,6% of them (10/19; P<0,05) only a simple infestation was present. From a total of 48 positive calves, the species E. alabamensis (29%), E. bovis (21%), E. zuernii (17%), E. ellipsoidalis (17%), E. subspherica (12%) and E. cylindrica (4%) were identified. There was no age related pick of infestation in the infested (51,1±2,0 days; n=48), or not infested calves (53,0±1,8 days; n=53; P>0,05), even when each of Eimeria specie was considered. Also no significative differences in the percentage of infested animals was verified when these, in the farms, were placed in individual cubicles (44,3%; 27/61) or in a group (52,5%; 21/40; P>0.05). A higher percentage (P<0,05) of E. ellipsoidalis was observed in farms where the calves where housed in group (75%; 6/8; P<0,05) and, in opposition, a higher percentage of E. zuernii in individually housed animals (75%; 6/8). This data permitted the confirmation that the two most prevalent species within the studied farms in the council of Barcelos are E. alabamensis and E. bovis. Other species, however, of non pathogenic and predominant character are also present in some of these farms. Due to this ubiquity and its differences amongst different types of housing, more studies are needed in order to truly ascertain the real infestation critical points. Additionally, more studies in calf zootechnical handling and sanitation are needed with particular incidence to the animal’s immunological status.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado de Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Eimeriose , Vitelos , Diarreia , Eimeria , Barcelos , Calves , Diarrhea