Estudo da relação entre o consumo de água e energia ao nível do utilizador final
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2016
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A tendência evolutiva do consumo de água e energia elétrica, nos diversos domínios da
vida, tem levantado a problemática da escassez destes recursos, tornando-se urgente a sua
gestão mais sustentável. O consumo doméstico de água e de energia elétrica aparece
frequentemente associado sendo pertinente analisar de que forma determinadas estratégias de
utilização destes recursos poderá repercutir-se na eficiência dos mesmos.
O objetivo desta dissertação consistiu na caracterização, medição e análise do consumo
de água e energia elétrica numa habitação unifamiliar (período de 2 meses) de forma a encontrar
uma relação de interdependência entre os consumos ao nível do utilizador final. Elaborou-se
um inquérito para caracterizar a habitação e o agregado familiar residente. Foi recolhida e
analisada uma amostra de cerca de 200 banhos, divididos por 4 cenários distintos e 50 lavagens
das máquinas de lavar roupa e louça. O consumo de energia elétrica foi verificado no
termoacumulador em função da temperatura fixada neste, enquanto o consumo de água foi
verificado no contador da água em função da presença/ausência de redutores de caudal assim
como da duração de cada banho. No caso dos banhos, a relação entre as duas variáveis foi
estudada em 4 cenários distintos: C1-redutor de caudal e temperatura fixada de 60ºC; C2-
redutor de caudal e temperatura fixada de 75ºC; C3- sem redutor de caudal e temperatura fixada
de 75ºC; C4- sem redutor de caudal e temperatura fixada de 60ºC.
Os resultados indicaram que a presença de redutor de caudal faz diminuir o consumo
elétrico (p<0.05) e o consumo de agua (p<0.001), no entanto, faz aumentar a duração dos
banhos (p<0.05). Uma menor temperatura implicou uma diminuição do consumo de energia
elétrica, assim como um menor consumo de agua (p<0.05) e uma menor duração dos banhos
(p<0.001). A combinação da presença de redutor de caudal e da temperatura de 60ºC fixada no
termoacumulador, teve uma influência significativa sobre o consumo de luz (p<0.01) e sobre o
tempo dos banhos (p<0.01) não tendo influência sobre o gasto de agua (p>0.05).
A sustentabilidade dos recursos hídricos e energéticos passa pela utilização eficiente dos
mesmos. Assim, conclui-se que a utilização de ferramentas como redutores de caudal e/ou a
diminuição da temperatura da água pode diminuir o consumo de energia elétrica.
The evolutionary trend for water and electric energy consumption in many areas of life, has been raising the problem of these resources lack, making it urgently to manage them on a sustainability way. Domestic consumption of water and electric energy usually are related, being even more relevant to analyse how certain strategies using these resources may be reflected in effectiveness. The goal of this dissertation consisted in characterization, measurement and analysis of the water and electricity consumption in a single family housing (2 months period) in order to find an interdependent relationship between consumption at the end user level. An enquire was made to characterize housing and the resident household. Was collected and analysed a sample of about 200 baths, divided by 4 different scenarios and 50 washings of washing machines and dishwashers. In the case of baths, the relationship between the two variables was studied in 4 distinct scenarios: C1- flow reducer and fixed temperature of 60ºC; C2- flow reducer and temperature set to 75ºC; C3- without flow reducer and temperature set to 75ºC; C4- without flow reducer and fixed temperature of 60ºC. The statistical study, at the mean study data showed that the presence of flow reducers induced the decrease of power consumption (p<0.05) and water consumption (p<0.001), but induced the increase of the duration of bath (p<0.05). Defining a lower temperature in waterheater revealed decrease in electricity consumption, and water consumption (p<0.05) and a shorter duration of baths (p<0.001). The combination of influence flow reducer and 60ºC temperature had a statistical significance influence on energy consumption (p<0.001), on the duration of baths (p<0.01) but had no influence on water consumption (p > 0.05). The sustainability of water and energy resources goes through the efficient use of them. Thus, it is concluded that the use of tools such as flow reducers and / or decrease the water temperature can decrease electric power consumption.
The evolutionary trend for water and electric energy consumption in many areas of life, has been raising the problem of these resources lack, making it urgently to manage them on a sustainability way. Domestic consumption of water and electric energy usually are related, being even more relevant to analyse how certain strategies using these resources may be reflected in effectiveness. The goal of this dissertation consisted in characterization, measurement and analysis of the water and electricity consumption in a single family housing (2 months period) in order to find an interdependent relationship between consumption at the end user level. An enquire was made to characterize housing and the resident household. Was collected and analysed a sample of about 200 baths, divided by 4 different scenarios and 50 washings of washing machines and dishwashers. In the case of baths, the relationship between the two variables was studied in 4 distinct scenarios: C1- flow reducer and fixed temperature of 60ºC; C2- flow reducer and temperature set to 75ºC; C3- without flow reducer and temperature set to 75ºC; C4- without flow reducer and fixed temperature of 60ºC. The statistical study, at the mean study data showed that the presence of flow reducers induced the decrease of power consumption (p<0.05) and water consumption (p<0.001), but induced the increase of the duration of bath (p<0.05). Defining a lower temperature in waterheater revealed decrease in electricity consumption, and water consumption (p<0.05) and a shorter duration of baths (p<0.001). The combination of influence flow reducer and 60ºC temperature had a statistical significance influence on energy consumption (p<0.001), on the duration of baths (p<0.01) but had no influence on water consumption (p > 0.05). The sustainability of water and energy resources goes through the efficient use of them. Thus, it is concluded that the use of tools such as flow reducers and / or decrease the water temperature can decrease electric power consumption.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Civil
Palavras-chave
Água de consumo , Energia elétrica , Consumos domésticos , Relação água-energia