Derrame pericárdico em animais de companhia: estudo retrospetivo de 141 casos
Ficheiros
Data
2017-05-05
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
O derrame pericárdico pode ter várias etiologias e, dependendo da espécie, estão descritas causas mais frequentes que outras. Em cães, está associado a neoplasias ou ao derrame pericárdico idiopático, podendo resultar em tamponamento cardíaco. Em gatos, sabe-se que esta doença é a alteração pericárdica adquirida mais frequente e está associada a insuficiência cardíaca congestiva mas os estudos de derrame pericárdico nesta espécie são mais limitados. De acordo com a etiologia, a apresentação clínica e as alterações encontradas nos meios complementares de diagnóstico vão ser diferentes de animal para animal. Assim, um dos objetivos principais deste estudo incidiu sobre a determinação das causas de derrame pericárdico mais frequentes, tanto em cães como em gatos, e comparação com a literatura. Pretendeu-se também associar as várias apresentações clínicas e a existência de tamponamento cardíaco com a causa de derrame pericárdico subjacente, assim como determinar as alterações radiográficas, eletrocardiográficas e ecocardiográficas mais frequentes em animais com derrame pericárdico.
Para este estudo foram revistos todos os registos ecocardiográficos realizados no Hospital Veterinário do Porto, entre Janeiro de 2002 e Março de 2016. Assim, foram selecionados 141 animais com derrame pericárdico, dos quais 97 são cães e 44 são gatos.
Nesta dissertação verificou-se que o derrame pericárdico é mais frequente em cães que em gatos. A principal causa de derrame pericárdico em cães foi a doença neoplásica, seguido da doença cardíaca, e nos gatos foi primariamente a doença cardíaca, seguido de doença neoplásica. Verificou-se também que o sinal clínico mais frequente em cães com derrame pericárdico foi a ascite, estando mais associada com a doença cardíaca como causa de derrame. Em gatos, a dispneia foi o sinal clínico mais frequente, estando mais associado a causas neoplásicas.
Comparando este estudo com a bibliografia consultada conclui-se que existem algumas divergências, nomeadamente a causa não neoplásica de derrame pericárdico mais frequente em cães foi a doença cardíaca, apenas uma pequena percentagem de cães apresentaram alternância elétrica e diminuição dos complexos QRS no exame eletrocardiográfico e somente dois gatos tiveram derrame pericárdico associado a insuficiência cardíaca congestiva.
Pericardial effusion can be caused by many etiologies in small animals. In dogs is associated with neoplasia or idiopathic pericardial effusion and frequently causes cardiac tamponade. In cats the most common acquired pericardial abnormality is pericardial effusion and is associated with congestive heart failure. However, studies of pericardial effusion in cats are limited. Depending on the etiology, clinical findings based on history, physical examination and complementary exams will be different. So, the main objective of this study is to determine the most common cause of pericardial effusion in dogs and cats and compare with bibliography. Other objectives of this study included the association between the cause of pericardial effusion and clinical findings and also with cardiac tamponade. For this, we intend to determine the most common radiographic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings. In this study, the archive of cardiovascular disorders diagnosed in dogs and cats by the echocardiography service of the Hospital Veterinário do Porto was reviewed and were selected all pericardial effusions diagnosed between January 2002 and March 2016. Of 141 animals affected with pericardial effusion, 97 are dogs and 44 are cats. In this work, it was verified that pericardial effusion was more common in dogs than cats. The most common cause of pericardial effusion in dogs was neoplasia and the second cause was cardiac disease. In cats, the most frequent cause of pericardial effusion was cardiac disease and the second cause was neoplasia. Ascites was the most common clinical sign in dogs and it was associated with cardiac diseases. In cats, the most common clinical sign was dyspnea and it was associated with neoplasia. In conclusion, comparing this study with bibliography there are some differences: in dogs the most common non-neoplastic cause of pericardial effusion was cardiac disease; a small percentage of dogs presented electrical alternans and low-voltage QRS complexes; only two cats had pericardial effusion associated with cardiac heart failure.
Pericardial effusion can be caused by many etiologies in small animals. In dogs is associated with neoplasia or idiopathic pericardial effusion and frequently causes cardiac tamponade. In cats the most common acquired pericardial abnormality is pericardial effusion and is associated with congestive heart failure. However, studies of pericardial effusion in cats are limited. Depending on the etiology, clinical findings based on history, physical examination and complementary exams will be different. So, the main objective of this study is to determine the most common cause of pericardial effusion in dogs and cats and compare with bibliography. Other objectives of this study included the association between the cause of pericardial effusion and clinical findings and also with cardiac tamponade. For this, we intend to determine the most common radiographic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings. In this study, the archive of cardiovascular disorders diagnosed in dogs and cats by the echocardiography service of the Hospital Veterinário do Porto was reviewed and were selected all pericardial effusions diagnosed between January 2002 and March 2016. Of 141 animals affected with pericardial effusion, 97 are dogs and 44 are cats. In this work, it was verified that pericardial effusion was more common in dogs than cats. The most common cause of pericardial effusion in dogs was neoplasia and the second cause was cardiac disease. In cats, the most frequent cause of pericardial effusion was cardiac disease and the second cause was neoplasia. Ascites was the most common clinical sign in dogs and it was associated with cardiac diseases. In cats, the most common clinical sign was dyspnea and it was associated with neoplasia. In conclusion, comparing this study with bibliography there are some differences: in dogs the most common non-neoplastic cause of pericardial effusion was cardiac disease; a small percentage of dogs presented electrical alternans and low-voltage QRS complexes; only two cats had pericardial effusion associated with cardiac heart failure.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Animais de estimação , Derrame pericárdico , Tamponamento cardíaco , Pericárdio