Osteossarcoma canino: casos clínicos
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Data
2016
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Resumo
A doença oncológica tem suscitado uma crescente preocupação em Medicina Veterinária.
O osteossarcoma é a neoplasia primária mais comum no osso e afeta principalmente cães geriátricos de raças grandes/gigantes. Na maioria dos casos, o tumor primário localiza-se no esqueleto apendicular, no entanto também se pode localizar no esqueleto axial e até, embora mais raro, ter uma localização extra-esquelética.
A sua etiologia não é totalmente conhecida, podendo resultar de fatores genéticos, moleculares e/ou físicos. Os sinais clínicos são variáveis, de acordo com o tipo anatómico de osteossarcoma.
O diagnóstico deve conjugar métodos imagiológicos e histopatológicos. Sendo o osteossarcoma um tumor muito agressivo e com elevada taxa de metastização, a imagiologia tem, também, um importante papel na identificação da doença metastática.
As opções terapêuticas devem incluir controlo do tumor primário com cirurgia e/ou radioterapia associado a quimioterapia adjuvante. Por vezes, há casos em que apenas é implementado tratamento paliativo.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão atualizada sobre o osteossarcoma e expor e discutir casos clínicos.
The oncologic disease is a growing concern in veterinary medicine. Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor diagnosed in dogs. Appendicular skeletal osteosarcoma, the most frequent form of this disease, is typically seen in large to giant breeds and seen in old dogs. Axial skeletal osteosarcoma is less common than appendicular, but the biologic behavior of the disease is equally aggressive. This tumor can have, also, an extra-skeletal location (rare). The etiology isn’t entirely known and it can result from genetic, molecular and physical factors. The clinical signs are variable, depending on anatomic location. The diagnosis of osteosarcoma can be achieved with medical imaging and histopathologic techniques. This disease is highly metastatic, so medical imaging should be, also, used to find a possible metastatic disease. Successful treatment of osteosarcoma includes local tumor control with surgery and/or radiotherapy, as well as the treatment of systemic tumor spread with chemotherapy. Sometimes, the palliation therapy is indicated in some specific cases. The purposes of this work are: to do an updated review of theory of the osteosarcoma and the description of clinical cases of dogs diagnosed with this tumor.
The oncologic disease is a growing concern in veterinary medicine. Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor diagnosed in dogs. Appendicular skeletal osteosarcoma, the most frequent form of this disease, is typically seen in large to giant breeds and seen in old dogs. Axial skeletal osteosarcoma is less common than appendicular, but the biologic behavior of the disease is equally aggressive. This tumor can have, also, an extra-skeletal location (rare). The etiology isn’t entirely known and it can result from genetic, molecular and physical factors. The clinical signs are variable, depending on anatomic location. The diagnosis of osteosarcoma can be achieved with medical imaging and histopathologic techniques. This disease is highly metastatic, so medical imaging should be, also, used to find a possible metastatic disease. Successful treatment of osteosarcoma includes local tumor control with surgery and/or radiotherapy, as well as the treatment of systemic tumor spread with chemotherapy. Sometimes, the palliation therapy is indicated in some specific cases. The purposes of this work are: to do an updated review of theory of the osteosarcoma and the description of clinical cases of dogs diagnosed with this tumor.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Neoplasias ósseas , Osteossarcoma , Diagnóstico por imagem , Histopatologia , Quimioterapia