Hiperadrenocorticismo canino
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2017
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O hiperadrenocorticismo ou Síndrome de Cushing é uma doença endócrina das mais comuns em cães geriátricos, que resulta do aumento da concentração de cortisol sérico nos animais afetados. Este aumento deve-se, normalmente, à administração excessiva de glucocorticoides exógenos, a um tumor hipofisário ou a uma neoplasia adrenocortical.
O principal objetivo desta dissertação foi o estudo de onze casos de hiperadrenocorticismo em cães. Para o efeito, realizou-se a avaliação dos animais afetados, tendo em conta as variáveis género, idade, peso e raça, caracterizando a doença relativamente à sintomatologia clínica mais comum e interpretando os resultados bioquímicos e imagiológicos disponíveis.
No estudo efetuado, as fêmeas (82%) predominaram relativamente aos machos. Os cães tinham idades compreendidas entre os 8 e 14 anos (média 11,36 ± 2,29 anos), com um peso inferior a 20 Kg na grande maioria (81,82%). Quanto à raça, as mais frequentes foram a Caniche (27,3%) e cães sem raça definida (27,3%). Os onze cães com hiperadrenocorticismo apresentaram, por animal, uma média de quatro sinais clínicos típicos da doença, sendo os mais frequentemente observados poliúria e polidipsia (81,82%), abdómen pendular (45,45%) e alopécia (63,64%). Foram observadas alterações laboratoriais típicas tais como o aumento marcado da fosfatase alcalina, o aumento da alanina aminotransferase, o aumento do colesterol e dos triglicerídeos. De igual modo, notaram-se alterações hematológicas frequentes, tais como trombocitose, linfopenia, eosinopenia e neutrofilia. Quanto à análise de urina, densidade urinária diminuída e proteinuria foram algumas das alterações encontradas. Para chegar ao diagnóstico, realizaram-se dois testes de deteção: teste de supressão pela dexametasona em doses baixas e teste de estimulação pela hormona adrenocorticotrófica, em associação com a avaliação das glândulas adrenais através da ecografia. Alguns cães apresentaram complicações como: infeção do trato urinário, cálculos urinários e hipertensão arterial.
Com o estudo efetuado, foi possível verificar muitas das alterações bioquímicas e físicas típicas da doença, que resultam da exposição prolongada a concentrações plasmáticas elevadas de glucocorticoides.
Hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing's Syndrome is one of the most common endocrine diseases affecting geriatric dogs, which results from an increased concentration of serum cortisol in affected animals. Such increase is usually a result the excessive administration of exogenous glucocorticoids, a pituitary tumor or an adrenocortical neoplasia. The main objective of this dissertation was the analysis of eleven cases of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. Such aim included the evaluation of the most affected animals, taking into account their gender, age, weight, and breed, the characterization of the disease for the most common clinical symptoms and the interpretation of available biochemical and imaging results. In the current study, female dogs (82%) largely outnumbered males. The dogs’ age ranged from 8 to 14 years (average 11.36 ± 2.29 years), and, for the vast majority of them (81,82%), the weight was below 20 kilogram. The most common breeds were the Poodle (27.3%) and mongrel dogs (27.3%). Each one of the eleven dogs showing hyperadrenocorticism presented an average of four typical clinical symptoms of disease, being the most frequently observed polyuria and polydipsia (81.82%), pendulous abdomen (45.45%) and alopecia (63.64%). Typically abnormal laboratory results were observed, such as a relevant increase in alkaline phosphatase, increased alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as frequent hematological disorders such as thrombocytosis, lymphopenia, eosinopenia and neutrophilia. In urinalysis, decreased urine density and proteinuria were some of the detected changes. Final diagnosis was made based upon two of the detection tests: low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, combined with ultrasound adrenal glands evaluation. Some of the dogs presented complications such as lower urinary tract infection, urolithiasis and hypertension. This study made it possible to ascertain many of the typical biochemical and physical disturbances related to the disease, which result from an extended exposure to increased plasma concentrations of glucocorticoids.
Hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing's Syndrome is one of the most common endocrine diseases affecting geriatric dogs, which results from an increased concentration of serum cortisol in affected animals. Such increase is usually a result the excessive administration of exogenous glucocorticoids, a pituitary tumor or an adrenocortical neoplasia. The main objective of this dissertation was the analysis of eleven cases of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. Such aim included the evaluation of the most affected animals, taking into account their gender, age, weight, and breed, the characterization of the disease for the most common clinical symptoms and the interpretation of available biochemical and imaging results. In the current study, female dogs (82%) largely outnumbered males. The dogs’ age ranged from 8 to 14 years (average 11.36 ± 2.29 years), and, for the vast majority of them (81,82%), the weight was below 20 kilogram. The most common breeds were the Poodle (27.3%) and mongrel dogs (27.3%). Each one of the eleven dogs showing hyperadrenocorticism presented an average of four typical clinical symptoms of disease, being the most frequently observed polyuria and polydipsia (81.82%), pendulous abdomen (45.45%) and alopecia (63.64%). Typically abnormal laboratory results were observed, such as a relevant increase in alkaline phosphatase, increased alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as frequent hematological disorders such as thrombocytosis, lymphopenia, eosinopenia and neutrophilia. In urinalysis, decreased urine density and proteinuria were some of the detected changes. Final diagnosis was made based upon two of the detection tests: low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, combined with ultrasound adrenal glands evaluation. Some of the dogs presented complications such as lower urinary tract infection, urolithiasis and hypertension. This study made it possible to ascertain many of the typical biochemical and physical disturbances related to the disease, which result from an extended exposure to increased plasma concentrations of glucocorticoids.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Cães , Hiperadrenocorticismo , Glucocorticoide , Diagnóstico