Sustentabilidade de paredes com recurso à análise do ciclo de vida
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2016
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A Sustentabilidade é um assunto premente na nossa sociedade, tendo um foco
relevante na indústria da construção civil. O principal objetivo deste trabalho pretende
explorar o contributo da Análise do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) para aumentar o conhecimento
de sustentabilidade ambiental associado à construção de diferentes tipos de soluções
construtivas (paredes interiores): i) parede de tabique; ii) parede de alvenaria de tijolo
cerâmico; iii) parede de alvenaria de blocos de betão; iv) parede de gesso cartonado
(Pladur).
Para atingir este objetivo foi considerado o ciclo de vida cradle to the gate para cada
solução construtiva, que inclui aquisição de matérias-primas, fabricação de elementos, o
transporte para o local de construção, e a edificação das paredes. Foi ainda utilizada a
unidade funcional de 1 m2 de parede para a elaboração do perfil ambiental. Com base
nestes dados, a análise de sustentabilidade foi aplicada segundo a normalização ISO
14040-44, 2006, que prevê regras com base na ACV, utilizando o software GaBi
Education 6.0, através do método CML 2011, aplicando as categorias de impacte
ambiental (potencial de acidificação; potencial de eutrofização; potencial de aquecimento
global; potencial de toxicidade humana; potencial de depleção de ozono estratosférico).
Os resultados mostraram que a parede de pladur é a que apresenta menor impacte
ambiental. Por oposição, a parede de alvenaria de blocos de betão é a que apresenta maior
impacte ambiental.
Sustainability is a relevant matter in our society and of particular relevance for the construction industry. The main goal of this research is to explore the contribution of the Life Cycle Analysis to increase the environmental sustainability awareness, associated with the construction of different types of constructive solutions (interior walls): i) partition wall; ii) ceramic brick masonry wall; iii) concrete block masonry wall; iv) plasterboard wall (Pladur). To achieve this goal, it was considered the cradle-to-gate life cycle for each constructive solution, which includes the acquirement of raw materials, the production of elements, the transportation to where the construction is held and the building of walls. The functional unit of 1m2 of wall was yet used for the creation of an environmental profile. Based on these data, the sustainability analysis was performed according to ISO 14040-44:2006 norm, which provides regulations with basis on LCA, using the GaBi 6.0 Education software, through the CML 2011 method, applying environmental impact categories (acidification potential; eutrophication potential; global warming potential; human toxicity potential; stratospheric ozone depletion potential). The results showed that the plasterboard wall is the one with less environmental impact. On the other hand, the concrete block masonry wall is the one with the biggest environmental impact.
Sustainability is a relevant matter in our society and of particular relevance for the construction industry. The main goal of this research is to explore the contribution of the Life Cycle Analysis to increase the environmental sustainability awareness, associated with the construction of different types of constructive solutions (interior walls): i) partition wall; ii) ceramic brick masonry wall; iii) concrete block masonry wall; iv) plasterboard wall (Pladur). To achieve this goal, it was considered the cradle-to-gate life cycle for each constructive solution, which includes the acquirement of raw materials, the production of elements, the transportation to where the construction is held and the building of walls. The functional unit of 1m2 of wall was yet used for the creation of an environmental profile. Based on these data, the sustainability analysis was performed according to ISO 14040-44:2006 norm, which provides regulations with basis on LCA, using the GaBi 6.0 Education software, through the CML 2011 method, applying environmental impact categories (acidification potential; eutrophication potential; global warming potential; human toxicity potential; stratospheric ozone depletion potential). The results showed that the plasterboard wall is the one with less environmental impact. On the other hand, the concrete block masonry wall is the one with the biggest environmental impact.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente
Palavras-chave
Sustentabilidade , Parede interior , ACV , Impactes ambientais