Neoplasias cardíacas em cães: estudo retrospetivo
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2017
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As neoplasias cardíacas são doenças que afectam menos de 1 % da população dos
animais de companhia, sendo a incidência no cão cerca de 0,19 %. Das principais neoplasias
cardíacas, a que apresenta maior destaque é o hemangiossarcoma, com o maior número de
casos registados, localizado preferencialmente no átrio direito. Outras neoplasias que também
podem surgir são o quemodectoma, mesotelioma, mixoma e o linfoma cardíaco. Contudo, as
neoplasias cardíacas podem adoptar várias localizações, e por essa razão é que os meios
complementares, como a ecocardiografia, desempenham um papel fundamental no
diagnóstico. Assim, um dos principais objectivos deste estudo foi estudar retrospectivamente
as características epidemiológicas e clínicas de uma população de cães com uma massa
cardíaca diagnosticada ecocardiograficamente.
Este trabalho decorreu no Hospital Veterinário do Porto, onde foram incluídos no
estudo todos os cães que na ecocardiografia apresentavam uma massa, desde janeiro 2011 até
março de 2017. Todas as ecocardiografias foram realizadas pelo mesmo operador e no mesmo
ecógrafo Esaote MyLabTMSeven, sendo registados os dados quanto à idade, raça, género,
peso, sinais clínicos e localização ecocardiografica do tumor.
A amostra continha 39 cães, sendo constituída por 22 machos (64,7 %) e 12 fêmeas
(35,3%), cuja idade era na maioria dos casos superior a 10 anos. Das raças mais afectadas
cerca de 6 cães eram de raça labrador (17,6%), 5 de raça boxer (14,7%) e 3 (8,8%) de raça
caniche, no entanto a cerca de 11 (32,4%) cães não possuíam raça definida. Os sinais clínicos
mais frequentes foram a dispneia com 11 (30%) casos, seguido da ascite, tosse e sopro
cardíaco com 7 (19%) casos cada. Dos tumores cardíacos encontrados cerca de 13 (20%)
localizavam-se na base cardíaca , 13 (20%) no átrio direito, 5 (7%) no pericárdio e 3 (4%) no
aparelho valvular.
Conclui-se que a idade em que é mais frequente a presença de uma neoplasia cardíaca
é superior a 10 anos, e os machos apresentam 2 vezes mais probabilidade de desenvolver um
tumor cardíaco. Nos cães de raça Boxer foram mais frequentes as massas localizadas na base
cardíaca O derrame pericárdico e tamponamento cardíaco ocorrem mais frequentemente em
massas localizadas no átrio direito e em cães de raça Labrador ou sem raça definida. A tosse
foi o sinal clínico que surgiu mais frequentemente associado a tumores de base cardíaca.
Cardiac neoplasms are diseases that affect less than 1% of the pet population, and the incidence in the dog is about 0.19. Of the main cardiac neoplasms, the most prominent is hemangiosarcoma, with the highest number of cases registered, preferably located in the right atrium. Other neoplasms that may also appear are the chemo-lichoma, mesothelioma, myxoma, and cardiac lymphoma. However, cardiac neoplasms may take several locations, and for this reason complementary means, such as echocardiography, play a key role in diagnosis. Thus, one of the main objectives of this study was to retrospectively study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a population of dogs with an echocardiographically diagnosed heart mass. This work was carried out at the Veterinary Hospital of Oporto, where all the dogs that had a mass on echocardiography had a mass from January 2011 to March 2017 were included in the study. All echocardiograms were performed by the same operator and in the same Esaote MyLabTMSeven ultrasound. Data on age, race, gender, weight, clinical signs and echocardiographic location of the tumor. The sample contained 39 dogs, consisting of 22 males (64.7%) and 12 females (35.3%), whose age was in most cases over 10 years. Of the most affected breeds, about 6 dogs were of the labrador race (17.6%), 5 of breed boxer (14.7%) and 3 (8.8%) of breed poodle, however to about 11 (32, 4%) dogs had no defined breed. The most frequent clinical signs were dyspnea with 11 (30%) cases, followed by ascites, coughing and heart murmur with 7 (19%) cases each. About 13 (20%) of the cardiac tumors were found in the cardiac base, 13 (20%) in the right atrium, 5 (7%) in the pericardium and 3 (4%) in the valvular apparatus. It is concluded that the age at which the presence of a cardiac neoplasm is most frequent is greater than 10 years, and males are 2 times more likely to develop a cardiac tumor. In Boxer dogs, masses located in the heart base were more frequent. Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade occur more frequently in masses located in the right atrium and in Labrador or non-breed dogs. Coughing was the most frequent clinical sign associated with cardiac-based tumors.
Cardiac neoplasms are diseases that affect less than 1% of the pet population, and the incidence in the dog is about 0.19. Of the main cardiac neoplasms, the most prominent is hemangiosarcoma, with the highest number of cases registered, preferably located in the right atrium. Other neoplasms that may also appear are the chemo-lichoma, mesothelioma, myxoma, and cardiac lymphoma. However, cardiac neoplasms may take several locations, and for this reason complementary means, such as echocardiography, play a key role in diagnosis. Thus, one of the main objectives of this study was to retrospectively study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a population of dogs with an echocardiographically diagnosed heart mass. This work was carried out at the Veterinary Hospital of Oporto, where all the dogs that had a mass on echocardiography had a mass from January 2011 to March 2017 were included in the study. All echocardiograms were performed by the same operator and in the same Esaote MyLabTMSeven ultrasound. Data on age, race, gender, weight, clinical signs and echocardiographic location of the tumor. The sample contained 39 dogs, consisting of 22 males (64.7%) and 12 females (35.3%), whose age was in most cases over 10 years. Of the most affected breeds, about 6 dogs were of the labrador race (17.6%), 5 of breed boxer (14.7%) and 3 (8.8%) of breed poodle, however to about 11 (32, 4%) dogs had no defined breed. The most frequent clinical signs were dyspnea with 11 (30%) cases, followed by ascites, coughing and heart murmur with 7 (19%) cases each. About 13 (20%) of the cardiac tumors were found in the cardiac base, 13 (20%) in the right atrium, 5 (7%) in the pericardium and 3 (4%) in the valvular apparatus. It is concluded that the age at which the presence of a cardiac neoplasm is most frequent is greater than 10 years, and males are 2 times more likely to develop a cardiac tumor. In Boxer dogs, masses located in the heart base were more frequent. Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade occur more frequently in masses located in the right atrium and in Labrador or non-breed dogs. Coughing was the most frequent clinical sign associated with cardiac-based tumors.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Neoplasias cardíacas , Derrame pericárdico , Ecocardiografia , Cão