Mobilidade e interação social da criança na cidade
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2017-11-21
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A mobilidade infantil sofreu alterações significativas nas últimas décadas,
nomeadamente ao nível das deslocações escolares. Este novo contexto, acarreta
graves problemas, quer ao nível do desenvolvimento da criança, quer ao nível da
mobilidade sustentável. Torna-se assim, urgente reverter este paradigma.
A presente dissertação pretende estudar a relação da criança com o espaço público
urbano, nomeadamente a rua, através de um caso de estudo localizado no concelho
de Gondomar, sendo os objetivos do trabalho conhecer os atuais padrões de
mobilidade infantil e definir percursos pedonais casa-escola-casa, adequados as
necessidades das crianças.
Para tal, aplicou-se uma abordagem multimétodos, baseada em duas componentes
uma participativa e uma técnica.
Num primeiro momento procedeu-se ao diagnóstico participativo onde se aplicaram
dois questionários, os quais permitiram apurar os padrões de mobilidade infantil, bem
como as necessidades e expectativas dos inquiridos. Complementarmente aos
questionários, aplicou-se também o desenho como instrumento de diagnóstico, afim
de se averiguar se a criança tem ou não perceção do espaço cidade.
Numa segunda fase procedeu-se ao do diagnóstico técnico. Para isso, elaborou-se em
conjunto com o Instituto a Criança na Cidade uma matriz de avaliação dos espaços de
circulação pedonal, partindo da análise dos princípios inerentes ao conceito
walkability. Esta análise demonstrou-se fundamental, uma vez que através dela se
definiram os parâmetros e os indicadores a considerar na construção matriz. Esta por
sua vez permitiu averiguar se os percursos definidos satisfaziam as necessidades dos
utilizadores.
Em função destes dois processos fundamentou-se a proposta final do presente
trabalho, que consiste num Plano de Ação Estratégico para os percursos casa-escola-casa.
Over the past decades, the children´s mobility has changed significantly especially when travelling to school. This new context has serious problems, at the level of the child´s development and at the level of sustainable mobility. It is therefore urgent to reverse this paradigm. In this dissertation I pretend to study the relation of the child with the urban public space, namely the street, through a case study located in the municipality of Gondomar. Being the objectives of the work to know the current patterns of child mobility and define pedestrian routes home-school-home, appropriate to the needs of children. For this purpose, a multi-method approach was applied based on two components, one participatory and one technique. At first, a participatory diagnosis was carried out where two questionnaires were applied. Which made it possible to determine the patterns of child mobility, as well as the needs and expectations of the respondents. In addition to the questionnaires, the drawing was also applied as a diagnostic tool, in order to determine if the child has or not perception of the city space. In a second stage it proceeded to the technical diagnosis. For this, a matrix of evaluation of the pedestrian circulation spaces was elaborated, together with the Institute for Children in the City, starting from the analysis of the principles inherent to the concept walkability. This analysis proved to be fundamental, since through it the parameters and indicators to be considered in the matrix construction were defined. This in turn allowed establish whether the defined paths satisfy the needs of users. Based on these two processes, the final proposal of the present work was based on a Strategic Action Plan for the home-school-home routes.
Over the past decades, the children´s mobility has changed significantly especially when travelling to school. This new context has serious problems, at the level of the child´s development and at the level of sustainable mobility. It is therefore urgent to reverse this paradigm. In this dissertation I pretend to study the relation of the child with the urban public space, namely the street, through a case study located in the municipality of Gondomar. Being the objectives of the work to know the current patterns of child mobility and define pedestrian routes home-school-home, appropriate to the needs of children. For this purpose, a multi-method approach was applied based on two components, one participatory and one technique. At first, a participatory diagnosis was carried out where two questionnaires were applied. Which made it possible to determine the patterns of child mobility, as well as the needs and expectations of the respondents. In addition to the questionnaires, the drawing was also applied as a diagnostic tool, in order to determine if the child has or not perception of the city space. In a second stage it proceeded to the technical diagnosis. For this, a matrix of evaluation of the pedestrian circulation spaces was elaborated, together with the Institute for Children in the City, starting from the analysis of the principles inherent to the concept walkability. This analysis proved to be fundamental, since through it the parameters and indicators to be considered in the matrix construction were defined. This in turn allowed establish whether the defined paths satisfy the needs of users. Based on these two processes, the final proposal of the present work was based on a Strategic Action Plan for the home-school-home routes.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista
Palavras-chave
Espaços públicos , Crianças , Deslocações casa-escola-casa , Mobilidade pedonal