Depressão e Qualidade de Vida em Indivíduos Institucionalizados: Implementação de um Programa de Intervenção Psicomotora
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2017-12-21
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Com o aumento da esperança média de vida e uma taxa mais reduzida de fecundidade, a população mundial tem-se tornado cada vez mais idosa. Logo, com o passar dos anos, os desafios têm aumentado para uma melhor compreensão desta faixa etária.
O termo envelhecimento surge então para definir este processo de transformações, que ocorrem ao longo da vida de cada sujeito, havendo uma perda progressiva na eficiência das funções orgânicas, a criação de um novo papel social que pode variar entre positivo e negativo de acordo com os aspetos socias e culturais do grupo a qual o idoso pertence e também alterações a nível psicológico.
Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se um programa de Intervenção Psicomotora é benéfico para a qualidade de vida e depressão de indivíduos institucionalizados. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma amostra de 11 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com uma média de idade de 75,27 anos, todos pertencentes a um Centro Social e Paroquial da região de Castro Daire, local onde foi realizado o estágio curricular. Esta instituição criada recentemente, possui duas valências, centro de dia e apoio domiciliário, cada uma com capacidade para albergar 30 indivíduos. O trabalho desenvolvido na Instituição não se baseou apenas na aplicação do Programa de Intervenção Psicomotora, havendo momentos de convívio e apenas de diálogo e partilha de acontecimentos da vida, onde foi possível criar laços de amizade. Sujeitos com pouca escolaridade, que passaram a vida a trabalhar em casa e em terras, que por muito que precisassem do Programa precisavam de alguém que estivesse lá apenas para os ouvir.
Os sujeitos em análise foram avaliados em dois momentos (pré-teste e pós-teste). Para avaliar a depressão, a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de Yesavage e para avaliar a qualidade de vida a Escala de Barthel. Foi também aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico. Após a aplicação inicial dos testes foi aplicado um Programa de Intervenção Psicomotora, com a duração de seis meses. Relativamente aos resultados verificou-se que todos os utentes, no pós-teste, obtiveram melhorias, na Escala de Depressão já não se verificou casos de Depressão Grave, aumentando assim para 9 os casos de Depressão Ligeira. Na Escala de Barthel, apesar de não ser visível as melhorias através das percentagens, estas existiram em 2 casos, no entanto devido ao intervalo da pontuação ser elevado, estes casos mantiveram-se assim nos mesmos valores de corte (Dependência Leve). Significando assim que este programa de intervenção psicomotora apresenta um contributo positivo nesta população.
With the increase of the average life expectancy and lower fertilization, the world population has become older. So, with the passing years, the challenges have increased to a better understanding of this age group. The term aging has surged to define this process of transformations, that occur during the life of the subject, having a progressive loss in the efficiency of the organic functions, the creation of a new social role that can vary between positive and negative according to the social and cultural aspects of the group to which the elder belongs to and the changes in psychological levels of the older adult. That way, this work had as the objective to verify if a Psychomotor Intervention Programme is beneficial to the life quality and depression of institutionalized individuals. The research was realized with a sample of 11 individuals, of both genders, with an average age of 75.27, all belonging to a Social and Parish Centre of the region of Castro Daire, place where the curricular internship was realized. This recently created institution, which has two functions, day centre and domiciliary support, each with capacity to house 30 individuals. My work in the institution was not just about the application of the Psychomotor Intervention Programme, having moments of socializing and just dialog and share of life events, where it was possible to create friendships. Subjects with little scholarship, which spent life working at home and the lands, no matter how much they needed the Programme they needed someone that was there just to listen to them. The analysed subjects were evaluated in two moments (before test and after test). To evaluate depression, I have used the Geriatric Depression Scale of Yesavage and to evaluate the life quality the Barthel Scale. Was as well applied a sociodemographic questionnaire. After the initial application of the tests was applied a Psychomotor Intervention Programme, with a duration of six months. With the results it was verified that all patients, after test, had improvements in the Geriatric Depression Scale of Yesavage, there was no cases of Serious Depression anymore. However there were 9 cases of Mild Depression. On the Berthel Scale, despite it is not visible the improvements by the percentages, these occurred in 2 cases, however because the score range is high, these cases remained at the same cut-off values (Light Dependence). This means that this Psychomotor Intervention Programme represents a positive contribute in this population.
With the increase of the average life expectancy and lower fertilization, the world population has become older. So, with the passing years, the challenges have increased to a better understanding of this age group. The term aging has surged to define this process of transformations, that occur during the life of the subject, having a progressive loss in the efficiency of the organic functions, the creation of a new social role that can vary between positive and negative according to the social and cultural aspects of the group to which the elder belongs to and the changes in psychological levels of the older adult. That way, this work had as the objective to verify if a Psychomotor Intervention Programme is beneficial to the life quality and depression of institutionalized individuals. The research was realized with a sample of 11 individuals, of both genders, with an average age of 75.27, all belonging to a Social and Parish Centre of the region of Castro Daire, place where the curricular internship was realized. This recently created institution, which has two functions, day centre and domiciliary support, each with capacity to house 30 individuals. My work in the institution was not just about the application of the Psychomotor Intervention Programme, having moments of socializing and just dialog and share of life events, where it was possible to create friendships. Subjects with little scholarship, which spent life working at home and the lands, no matter how much they needed the Programme they needed someone that was there just to listen to them. The analysed subjects were evaluated in two moments (before test and after test). To evaluate depression, I have used the Geriatric Depression Scale of Yesavage and to evaluate the life quality the Barthel Scale. Was as well applied a sociodemographic questionnaire. After the initial application of the tests was applied a Psychomotor Intervention Programme, with a duration of six months. With the results it was verified that all patients, after test, had improvements in the Geriatric Depression Scale of Yesavage, there was no cases of Serious Depression anymore. However there were 9 cases of Mild Depression. On the Berthel Scale, despite it is not visible the improvements by the percentages, these occurred in 2 cases, however because the score range is high, these cases remained at the same cut-off values (Light Dependence). This means that this Psychomotor Intervention Programme represents a positive contribute in this population.
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Envelhecimento; , Qualidade de vida , Depressão , Programa Psicomotor