Inspeção Sanitária Integrada de Aves
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2018-02-02
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Em Portugal, na inspeção sanitária de aves, o estado febril tem sido a principal causa de reprovação total de carcaças de frango associada a carcaças de coloração escura. No entanto, a esta condição (cor escura) podem estar associados outros fatores (não infeciosos), tornando, por vezes difícil a sua correta identificação e classificação por parte do Médico Veterinário Oficial. Por outro lado, as carcaças escuras classificadas, maioritariamente, como febris estão associadas a relevantes perdas económicas. Uma vez que, representam um risco para a segurança alimentar são encaminhadas para subprodutos de categoria 2, acarretando para o operador económico, custos na sua eliminação. Considerando as relevantes perdas económicas associadas, torna-se fundamental estudar os fatores que contribuem para o aparecimento de carcaças escuras aquando da inspeção post-mortem, de forma a ser realizada uma correta classificação dos subprodutos ou, idealmente reduzir a ocorrência destas. Neste trabalho pretendeu-se compreender com mais acuidade esses fatores, avaliando os parâmetros macroscópicos lesionais associados a carcaças escuras. É, também, objetivo do presente estudo testar de que forma as proteínas de fase aguda (APPs) constituem uma ferramenta útil na distinção de carcaças escuras resultantes de processos febris/septicémicos de outras etiologias não infeciosas, utilizando o suco muscular como matriz alternativa ao soro. Analisaram-se 65 lotes, dos quais 317 carcaças escuras, classificadas como febris (n=177) e mal sangradas (n=140) foram avaliadas macroscopicamente. No estudo dos fatores influentes na taxa de rejeição de febris, verificou-se que esta era influenciada pelo peso vivo, ganho médio diário, duração do transporte e taxa de rejeição no transporte. Na procura de indicadores lesionais associados a carcaças escuras, classificadas como febris, observou-se que as alterações associadas a estas, na amostra analisada, foram músculo peitoral listado e baço descolorado. Testaram-se três APPs: Alfa-1 glicoproteína ácida (AGP), Ovotransferrina (OVT) e ceruloplasmina (CP). Para a validação do suco muscular na mensuração das APPs, procedeu-se, inicialmente, à recolha de amostras de soro e suco muscular nas explorações avícolas, distinguindo animais saudáveis (n=40) de febris (n=40), pela medição da temperatura cloacal. Posteriormente, recolheram-se, no matadouro, amostras de suco muscular de carcaças “febris” (n=52) e de carcaças normais (n=35) para a mensuração das APPs. Os resultados obtidos nas explorações avícolas validaram o uso do suco muscular, observando-se, para todas as APPs, diferenças significativas entre as amostras de animais saudáveis e febris (p≤0,0001), bem como a existência de correlação entre as amostras de soro e de suco muscular.
Nos ensaios realizados com as amostras do matadouro verificaram-se diferenças significativas entre amostras de carcaças “febris” e normais para a OVT e CP, no entanto as concentrações das amostras de suco muscular de carcaças escuras revelaram-se inferiores às normais.
Concluiu-se que as APPs são biomarcadores adequados para a identificação de animais febris ao nível das explorações avícolas. Em relação à sua aplicabilidade no centro de abate, utilizando o suco muscular, poderá no futuro constituir uma ferramenta útil para o Médico Veterinário Oficial.
Mais estudos devem ser realizados no sentido de esclarecer a origem das carcaças escuras e o risco que estas representam para a segurança alimentar.
In Portugal, in the sanitary inspection of poultry, febrile status has been the main cause of total condemnation of chicken carcasses associated with dark-colored carcasses. However, this condition (dark color) may be associated with other factors (non-infectious), making it sometimes difficult to correctly identify and classify by the Official Veterinarian. On the other hand, dark carcasses classified, mainly, as feverish, are associated with significant economic losses. Since they pose a risk to food safety, they are passed on to Category 2 by-products, resulting in costs for their disposal. Considering the relevant economic losses, it is fundamental to study the factors that contribute to the appearance of dark carcasses during the post-mortem inspection, in order to correctly classify the by-products or, ideally, to reduce their occurrence. In this work, we intended to understand these factors more accurately, evaluating the macroscopic lesion parameters associated with dark carcasses. It is also the objective of the present study to test how acute phase proteins (APPs) are a useful tool in distinguishing dark carcasses resulting from febrile / septicemic processes of other non-infectious etiologies, using meat juice as an alternative matrix to serum. A total of 65 batches were analyzed, of which 317 dark carcasses, classified as febrile (n = 177) and poorly bled (n = 140) were evaluated macroscopically. In the study of factors influencing the rejection rate of feverish, it was verified that this was influenced by the live weight, average daily gain, duration of transport and rejection rate in the transport. In the search for lesion indicators associated with dark carcasses, classified as feverish, it was observed that the alterations associated with these, in the sample analyzed, were listed pectoral muscle and discolored spleen. Three APPs were tested: Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), Ovotransferrin (OVT) and ceruloplasmin (CP). For the validation of meat juice in the measurement of APPs, we initially collected samples of serum and meat juice at poultry farms, distinguishing healthy animals (n = 40) from feverish (n = 40), by measuring the cloacal temperature. Subsequently, samples of meat juice from febrile carcasses (n = 52) and normal carcasses (n = 35) were collected at the slaughterhouse for the measurement of APPs. The results obtained in the poultry farms validated the use of meat juice, observing for all APPs, significant differences between healthy and febrile animals (p≤0.0001), as well as the existence of a correlation between the samples of serum and meat juice. In the tests carried out with the slaughterhouse samples there were significant differences between samples of "feverish" and normal carcasses for OVT and CP, however the concentrations of meat juice samples from dark carcasses were lower than normal. It was concluded that APPs are suitable biomarkers for the identification of febrile animals at poultry holdings. In relation to its applicability in slaughterhouse, using the meat juice, may in the future constitute a useful tool for the Official Veterinarian. Further studies should be carried out to clarify the origin of dark carcasses and the risk they pose to food safety.
In Portugal, in the sanitary inspection of poultry, febrile status has been the main cause of total condemnation of chicken carcasses associated with dark-colored carcasses. However, this condition (dark color) may be associated with other factors (non-infectious), making it sometimes difficult to correctly identify and classify by the Official Veterinarian. On the other hand, dark carcasses classified, mainly, as feverish, are associated with significant economic losses. Since they pose a risk to food safety, they are passed on to Category 2 by-products, resulting in costs for their disposal. Considering the relevant economic losses, it is fundamental to study the factors that contribute to the appearance of dark carcasses during the post-mortem inspection, in order to correctly classify the by-products or, ideally, to reduce their occurrence. In this work, we intended to understand these factors more accurately, evaluating the macroscopic lesion parameters associated with dark carcasses. It is also the objective of the present study to test how acute phase proteins (APPs) are a useful tool in distinguishing dark carcasses resulting from febrile / septicemic processes of other non-infectious etiologies, using meat juice as an alternative matrix to serum. A total of 65 batches were analyzed, of which 317 dark carcasses, classified as febrile (n = 177) and poorly bled (n = 140) were evaluated macroscopically. In the study of factors influencing the rejection rate of feverish, it was verified that this was influenced by the live weight, average daily gain, duration of transport and rejection rate in the transport. In the search for lesion indicators associated with dark carcasses, classified as feverish, it was observed that the alterations associated with these, in the sample analyzed, were listed pectoral muscle and discolored spleen. Three APPs were tested: Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), Ovotransferrin (OVT) and ceruloplasmin (CP). For the validation of meat juice in the measurement of APPs, we initially collected samples of serum and meat juice at poultry farms, distinguishing healthy animals (n = 40) from feverish (n = 40), by measuring the cloacal temperature. Subsequently, samples of meat juice from febrile carcasses (n = 52) and normal carcasses (n = 35) were collected at the slaughterhouse for the measurement of APPs. The results obtained in the poultry farms validated the use of meat juice, observing for all APPs, significant differences between healthy and febrile animals (p≤0.0001), as well as the existence of a correlation between the samples of serum and meat juice. In the tests carried out with the slaughterhouse samples there were significant differences between samples of "feverish" and normal carcasses for OVT and CP, however the concentrations of meat juice samples from dark carcasses were lower than normal. It was concluded that APPs are suitable biomarkers for the identification of febrile animals at poultry holdings. In relation to its applicability in slaughterhouse, using the meat juice, may in the future constitute a useful tool for the Official Veterinarian. Further studies should be carried out to clarify the origin of dark carcasses and the risk they pose to food safety.
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estado febril , carcaças escuras , suco muscular , APPs