A Inovação e o empreendedorismo como fatores de desenvolvimento económico: uma perspetiva com base no modelo quadruple helix
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2018-03-21
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Contexto: A recente crise económico-financeira se por um lado, veio abalar alguns dos mais importantes pilares das sociedades modernas, por outro lado, enalteceu os papeis decisivos que a inovação e o empreendedorismo têm no processo de desenvolvimento económico das economias e territórios. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho passa por estudar o papel da inovação e do empreendedorismo no processo de desenvolvimento económico, tendo por base a aplicação do modelo Quadruple Helix (QH) a um conjunto alargado de países. De modo a aferir diferenças na dinâmica de funcionamento das quatro hélices (Empresa, Universidade, Governo e Sociedade), quer para a amostra relativa aos países europeus e países não europeus, quer para a amostra relativa aos países europeus do norte (Suécia, Noruega, Finlândia e Holanda) e do sul (Portugal, Espanha, Itália e Grécia), consideramse um conjunto diversificado de variáveis. Metodologia: Para a persecução deste trabalho foram recolhidos dados secundários nas plataformas GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor), OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) e GCI (Global Competitiveness Index) para um conjunto final de 40 países, para o período compreendido entre os anos 2007 e 2015. Em função da falta de harmonização quanto aos dados disponíveis nas três plataformas foi necessário reduzir a amostra, ficando o estudo com 40 países, que possuíam todas as variáveis necessárias para atingir o objetivo de investigação definido. Para o tratamento dos dados foi utilizado o software SPSS 22.0, tendo sido aplicados diversos testes estatísticos multivariados. Resultados/Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que na comparação entre países europeus e não europeus existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas na hélice Sociedade, sendo que as variáveis de controlo não têm influência na dinâmica do modelo. Na comparação entre países europeus nórdicos e mediterrâneos, constata-se que existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas em todas as hélices, sendo que com introdução das variáveis de controlo apenas a hélice Governo passa a registar disparidades. Originalidade/Valor: Nesta investigação desenvolveu-se e aplicou-se o modelo QH, utilizando dados recolhidos em diferente plataforma internacionais, procurando-se aferir a existência de diferenças entre regiões. Ao modelo QH tradicional foram adicionadas variáveis de controlo, com vista a atender às características endógenas dos países
Context: The recent economic and financial crisis, on the one hand, has shaken some of the most important pillars of modern societies, on the other hand, extolled the decisive roles that innovation and entrepreneurship play in the process of economic development of economies and territories. Objective: The aim of this work is to study the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in the economic development process, based on the application of the quadruple helix model to a broad set of countries. In order to assess differences in the dynamics of the four helixes (Enterprise, University, Government and Society), as well as for the sample for European countries and non-European countries, and for the sample for Northern European countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland and the Netherlands) and the south (Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece), are considered a diverse set of variables. Methodology: In this work, we used secondary data of GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor), OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) and GCI (Global Competitiveness Index) platforms for a final set of 40 countries for the period between years 2007 and 2015. Due to the lack of harmonization regarding the data available on the three platforms, it was necessary to reduce the sample, with the study of 40 countries, which had all the necessary variables to reach the defined research objective. The SPSS 22.0 software was used for the data treatment, and several multivariate statistical tests were applied. Results/Conclusion: The results indicate that in the comparison between European and non-European countries there are statistically significant differences in the helix Society, and the control variables have no influence on the dynamics of the model. The assessment between European and Nordic European countries there showed statistically significant differences in all helixes, with the introduction of control variables only the Government helix starts to register disparities. Originality/Value: In this research the quadruple helix model was developed and applied, using data collected in different international platforms, trying to verify the existence of differences between regions. To the traditional helix quadruple model, control variables were added to meet the endogenous characteristics of the countries.
Context: The recent economic and financial crisis, on the one hand, has shaken some of the most important pillars of modern societies, on the other hand, extolled the decisive roles that innovation and entrepreneurship play in the process of economic development of economies and territories. Objective: The aim of this work is to study the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in the economic development process, based on the application of the quadruple helix model to a broad set of countries. In order to assess differences in the dynamics of the four helixes (Enterprise, University, Government and Society), as well as for the sample for European countries and non-European countries, and for the sample for Northern European countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland and the Netherlands) and the south (Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece), are considered a diverse set of variables. Methodology: In this work, we used secondary data of GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor), OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) and GCI (Global Competitiveness Index) platforms for a final set of 40 countries for the period between years 2007 and 2015. Due to the lack of harmonization regarding the data available on the three platforms, it was necessary to reduce the sample, with the study of 40 countries, which had all the necessary variables to reach the defined research objective. The SPSS 22.0 software was used for the data treatment, and several multivariate statistical tests were applied. Results/Conclusion: The results indicate that in the comparison between European and non-European countries there are statistically significant differences in the helix Society, and the control variables have no influence on the dynamics of the model. The assessment between European and Nordic European countries there showed statistically significant differences in all helixes, with the introduction of control variables only the Government helix starts to register disparities. Originality/Value: In this research the quadruple helix model was developed and applied, using data collected in different international platforms, trying to verify the existence of differences between regions. To the traditional helix quadruple model, control variables were added to meet the endogenous characteristics of the countries.
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Inovação , Empreendedorismo , Desenvolvimento Económico , Quadruple Helix