Resolução de partos distócicos em bovinos
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2018-07-20
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Um parto distócico é aquele em que há um prolongamento do tempo normal do parto ou necessidade de assistência para remoção do feto. É uma das situações obstétricas mais importantes uma vez que acarreta elevados custos económicos para as explorações. O principal objetivo deste estudo visou caracterizar os diferentes tipos de distócia observados em bovinos nas explorações da ilha de São Miguel, identificando a respetiva causa a fim de prevenir e melhorar tanto o bem-estar animal como as perdas económicas. O estudo decorreu entre os meses de setembro de 2017 e janeiro de 2018, nos quais foram assistidas 49 vacas com distócia, na sua maioria (48/49) da raça Holstein-Frísia sendo apenas um animal da raça Jersey. Durante o período em estudo, verificou-se uma maior ocorrência de partos distócicos durante o mês de novembro (21/49). Os dados foram recolhidos pelos estagiários da Associação Agrícola de São Miguel ao longo do período referido. Foi recolhida informação sobre o tamanho das explorações, tipo de cobrição, a raça, a data de nascimento da mãe, o número de partos, a ocorrência ou não de distócias anteriores, a data de cobrição, apresentação e postura do vitelo, o sexo do vitelo e a sua vitalidade bem como a resolução da distócia. As causas de distócia encontradas neste estudo foram: torção uterina, defeito de postura, apresentação posterior, desproporção feto-materna, morte fetal, monstro fetal, inércia uterina primária e apresentação transversa. O tratamento mais utilizado foi a extração vaginal após manobras obstétricas. Uma das grandes observações deste trabalho prende-se com a elevada ocorrência de torções uterinas como causa de distócia, representando 32,7% do total de partos da amostra em estudo. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na frequência do tipo de distócia entre vacas da 1ª, 2ª, 3ª, 4ª, 5ª ou mais parições (22,4%, 18,4%, 18,4%. 18,4 %, 22,4% respetivamente). A maioria dos animais (86,8%) em estudo nunca tinha passado por episódio de distócia. Relativamente ao tipo de parto encontrado na amostra em estudo, apenas 12,3% (6/49) das distócias tiveram origem em partos gemelares. A ocorrência de distócias foi superior em partos com vitelos do sexo masculino (56,4%) e no que diz respeito à viabilidade fetal 51% dos vitelos eram nados-mortos e 49% nados-vivos. Tendo como objetivo a ocorrência de partos eutócicos, recomenda-se, entre outras medidas preventivas, iniciar a reprodução das novilhas apenas quando estas atingirem a idade e peso corporais ideias. É fundamental uma cooperação estreita entre o Médico Veterinário e os produtores a fim de prevenir ou corrigir o mais rapidamente possível a ocorrência de situações de distócia.
A dystocic birth is one in which there is an extension of the normal time of delivery or need of assistance for removal the fetus. It is one of the most important obstetric situations since it entails high economic costs for farms. The main objective of this study was to characterize the different types of dystocia in cattle on São Miguel Island’s farms, identifying their cause in order to prevent and improve both animal welfare and economic losses. This study was conducted between September 2017 and January 2018 in which 49 cows were observed: 48 Holstein-Friesians and 1 Jersey. During the study period, there was a higher occurrence of dystocia during the month of November (21/49). The data were collected by the trainees of the Agricultural Association of São Miguel during the referred period. It was collected information about the size of the farms, type of service, the breed, the date of birth of the mother, information about parity, dystocia in previous deliveries, the date of mating, presentation, posture and calf sex and its viability as well as the resolution of the dystocia. The causes of dystocia observed in this study were: uterine torsion, primary uterine inertia, incomplete cervical dilatation, fetopelvic disproportion, fetal death, fetal monsters, posterior presentation, transverse presentation and malposture. The most commonly used treatment was vaginal extraction after obstetrical maneuvers. One of the great observations of this study is the high occurrence of uterine torsion as a cause of dystocia, representing 32,7% of the total deliveries of the study. There were no significant differences in the frequency of dystocia type between 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th or more parity (22,4%, 18,4%, 18,4%. 18,4 %, 22,4% respectively). The majority (86,8%) of the animals under study had never had an episode of dystocia. Regarding the type of delivery found in the study, only 12,3% (6/49) of the dystocias was originated in twin deliveries. The occurrence of dystocia was higher in male calves (56,4% and 51% of the calves were considered stillborn and 49% live-in calves. With the objective of the occurrence of eutocyc births, it is recommended, among other preventive measures, to initiate the reproduction of heifers only when they reach the age and body weight ideas. It’s essencial a close cooperation between the Veterinary and producers in order to prevent or correct as soon as possible the occurrence of dystocia.
A dystocic birth is one in which there is an extension of the normal time of delivery or need of assistance for removal the fetus. It is one of the most important obstetric situations since it entails high economic costs for farms. The main objective of this study was to characterize the different types of dystocia in cattle on São Miguel Island’s farms, identifying their cause in order to prevent and improve both animal welfare and economic losses. This study was conducted between September 2017 and January 2018 in which 49 cows were observed: 48 Holstein-Friesians and 1 Jersey. During the study period, there was a higher occurrence of dystocia during the month of November (21/49). The data were collected by the trainees of the Agricultural Association of São Miguel during the referred period. It was collected information about the size of the farms, type of service, the breed, the date of birth of the mother, information about parity, dystocia in previous deliveries, the date of mating, presentation, posture and calf sex and its viability as well as the resolution of the dystocia. The causes of dystocia observed in this study were: uterine torsion, primary uterine inertia, incomplete cervical dilatation, fetopelvic disproportion, fetal death, fetal monsters, posterior presentation, transverse presentation and malposture. The most commonly used treatment was vaginal extraction after obstetrical maneuvers. One of the great observations of this study is the high occurrence of uterine torsion as a cause of dystocia, representing 32,7% of the total deliveries of the study. There were no significant differences in the frequency of dystocia type between 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th or more parity (22,4%, 18,4%, 18,4%. 18,4 %, 22,4% respectively). The majority (86,8%) of the animals under study had never had an episode of dystocia. Regarding the type of delivery found in the study, only 12,3% (6/49) of the dystocias was originated in twin deliveries. The occurrence of dystocia was higher in male calves (56,4% and 51% of the calves were considered stillborn and 49% live-in calves. With the objective of the occurrence of eutocyc births, it is recommended, among other preventive measures, to initiate the reproduction of heifers only when they reach the age and body weight ideas. It’s essencial a close cooperation between the Veterinary and producers in order to prevent or correct as soon as possible the occurrence of dystocia.
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bovinos , distócia , causa , São Miguel , parto , manobras obstétricas , HolsteinFrísia