Estudo do potencial de aplicação de resíduos têxteis em elementos de betão leve
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2017-12-18
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A indústria da construção tem contribuído para o impacto nefasto que o nosso planeta tem sofrido ao longo destes anos. O fabrico do betão requer a extracção de matérias-primas sendo este processo altamente prejudicial ao ambiente e de elevado custo de produção. O consumo de energia, as emissões atmosféricas originadas, as emissões de ruído e os consumos de água, têm levado esta indústria a procurar soluções diferentes e mais sustentáveis, utilizando e reutilizando diversos materiais e resíduos. Pretende-se com esta Dissertação contribuir para o conhecimento neste domínio, tendo como objectivo estudar a possibilidade da reutilização de um resíduo têxtil no fabrico de elementos de betão leve. Foram estudadas e optimizadas diferentes misturas com a incorporação do referido resíduo, tendo sido posteriormente realizadas placas e blocos para possível utilização em elementos interiores, tais como paredes divisórias ou revestimentos interiores. Os provetes foram fabricados com diferentes dimensões e todos eles apresentaram elevada leveza e integridade, alcançando valores de massa específica que rondam os 550kg/m³. Após a obtenção das placas e dos blocos, foram realizados diferentes ensaios sobre eles para analisar algumas das suas propriedades físicas e mecânicas. As placas apresentaram um comportamento favorável à furação, ao corte e à resistência ao fogo. O teor de absorção de água por capilaridade nos blocos apresentouse elevado, mas tal observação não se considerou negativa devido ao facto da sua possível utilização ser em elementos interiores. A análise ao comportamento térmico apresentou uma boa fiabilidade de valores e foi possível calcular o coeficiente de condutividade térmica de todos os blocos ensaiados, foram ainda registados vários termogramas com o objectivo de analisar as temperaturas superficiais e complementar o ensaio realizado. O teste de resistência à compressão não apresentou valores de rotura tendo existido continuamente absorção de carga, no final os blocos apresentaram ainda capacidade de resiliência.
The construction industry has been contributing to the nefarious impact our planet has been suffering throughout this years. Concrete manufacturing requires the extraction of raw materials, a process highly hazardous to the environment and expensive. The energy consumption, atmospheric gas emissions and water requirements have led the industry to search for different solutions, by utilizing and reusing several materials and wastes. This dissertation intends to contribute to the knowledge in this domain, with the goal to study the possibility of the reutilization of a textile waste in the manufactory process of lightweight concrete. Different mixtures with the fore mentioned textile waste were studied and optimized, which were used to make blocks and plates for possible utilization in interior elements, such as partition walls and indoor coatings. The samples were manufactured with different dimensions and all of them presented high lightness and integrity, reaching specific mass values of approximately 550kg/m3 . After obtaining the plates and blocks, several tests were used to analyse its physical and mechanical properties. The plates presented behaviour compliant to drilling, cutting and fire resistance. Water absorption content by capillarity was high, but due to its possible utilization in interior elements, such observation was not deemed negative. Thermal behaviour analyses presented high reliability of values and the coefficient of thermal conductivity of all blocks was determined, with several thermograms being registered with the purpose of analysing surface temperatures and to compliment the test. The compression resistance test didn’t present breaking values and showed continuous charge absorption, in the end all blocks exhibited high resilience capacity
The construction industry has been contributing to the nefarious impact our planet has been suffering throughout this years. Concrete manufacturing requires the extraction of raw materials, a process highly hazardous to the environment and expensive. The energy consumption, atmospheric gas emissions and water requirements have led the industry to search for different solutions, by utilizing and reusing several materials and wastes. This dissertation intends to contribute to the knowledge in this domain, with the goal to study the possibility of the reutilization of a textile waste in the manufactory process of lightweight concrete. Different mixtures with the fore mentioned textile waste were studied and optimized, which were used to make blocks and plates for possible utilization in interior elements, such as partition walls and indoor coatings. The samples were manufactured with different dimensions and all of them presented high lightness and integrity, reaching specific mass values of approximately 550kg/m3 . After obtaining the plates and blocks, several tests were used to analyse its physical and mechanical properties. The plates presented behaviour compliant to drilling, cutting and fire resistance. Water absorption content by capillarity was high, but due to its possible utilization in interior elements, such observation was not deemed negative. Thermal behaviour analyses presented high reliability of values and the coefficient of thermal conductivity of all blocks was determined, with several thermograms being registered with the purpose of analysing surface temperatures and to compliment the test. The compression resistance test didn’t present breaking values and showed continuous charge absorption, in the end all blocks exhibited high resilience capacity
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betão leve , resíduo têxtil , placas e blocos , propriedades físicas e mecânicas , sustentabilidade