Exames andrológicos em bovinos no sul de Portugal
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2017-12-05
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O touro tem um papel importante na fertilidade do efetivo e a avaliação do seu potencial reprodutivo deve ser executada antes da introdução do animal à reprodução. O exame andrológico ou Breeding Soundness Evaluation avalia este mesmo potencial reprodutivo através de um exame físico e anatómico e da qualidade do espermograma. Este exame já é utilizado corriqueiramente há muito tempo a nível mundial para avaliar este potencial do touro, contudo em Portugal só nos últimos 9 a 10 anos este exame tem sido implementado de uma forma mais alargada. A região sul de Portugal é onde temos um maior número de bovinos de carne e as explorações de maiores dimensões, sendo esta produção de bovinos de carne em extensivo uma importante fonte económica para o país. O objetivo deste trabalho é a revisão bibliográfica do sistema reprodutor masculino do touro e o seu funcionamento bem como o entendimento dos procedimentos realizados durante o exame andrológico e as vantagens que este exame acarreta. Este trabalho foi efetuado durante o tempo de estágio na zona sul de Portugal, com a recolha de dados do exame andrológico de 75 animais de 8 raças de carne. Os animais tinham várias idades e provinham de 15 explorações em regime extensivo. O exame foi realizado em vários contextos durante a prática clinica e quando solicitado pelo produtor. Depois de efetuado o exame físico e foi recolhido ejaculado com recurso a eletroejaculador e foram avaliadas as características do espermograma (motilidade, morfologia e concentração). Foram estudadas algumas relações de correlação existentes entre os parâmetros do exame de acordo como que já tinha sido descrito em estudos anteriores. Dos 75 animais analisados 25% foram reprovados havendo uma taxa de aprovação de 75 %. A maioria dos animais foi reprovada devido a oligospermia. As características do espermograma mostraram-se importantes para a aprovação ou reprovação do animal, ao contrário da concentração e volume que não mostraram ter qualquer associação com a aprovação ou reprovação dos animais. O maior número de animais reprovados deu-se nos meses de Dezembro, Janeiro e Fevereiro, pertencendo 37% dos animais reprovados à raça limousine e somente 5% à raça Mirandesa. A idade e a circunferência escrotal não tiveram qualquer associação, nem tiveram qualquer relação com a reprovação ou aprovação dos animais no exame andrológico. A reprovação de um touro deve ser uma decisão baseada em critérios específicos, existindo vários fatores que influenciam os resultados de cada um dos parâmetros do exame andrológico e a subsequente aprovação ou reprovação do animal. A reprovação de touros subférteis tem um impacto positivo na fertilidade do efetivo, não devendo ser descorado o papel do touro nesta mesma fertilidade.
The bull has an important role in the fertility of the herd and the evaluation of its reproductive potential must be determined before the introduction of the animal into reproduction. The Breeding Soundness Exam evaluates this reproductive potential through a physical and anatomical examination and the quality of the spermogram. This exam is already commonly used worldwide to address this potential of the bull but in Portugal only in the last 9 to 10 years this exam has been implemented in a broader way. The southern region of Portugal is where we have a larger stock of beef cattle and larger farms, being this beef cattle production in free range an important economic source for the country. The objective of this work is the bibliographic review of the male reproductive system of the bull and its functioning, as well as the understanding of the procedures performed during the andrological exam and the advantages that this examination brings. This work was carried out during the probationary externship period in the southern part of Portugal, with the collection of data from the andrological exam of 75 animals from different breeds of meat. The animals were of various ages and came from 15 extensive farms. The exam was performed in several contests during clinical practice and when requested by the producer. After the physical and anatomical examination, ejaculate was collected using electroejaculator and the characteristics of the spermogram (motility, morphology and concentration) were evaluated. Some correlations between the parameters of the examination were studied according to what had already been described in previous studies. Of the 75 animals analyzed, 25% were rejected, with an approval rate of 75%. Most of the animals were rejected due to oligospermia. The characteristics of the sperm revealed to be important for an approval or rejection of the animal, as opposed to concentration and volume that did not demonstrated any association with approval or rejection of the animals. The largest number of animals rejected occurred in December, January and February, with 37% of the animals failing the limousine breed and only 5% of the Mirandesa breed. Age and scrotal circumference had no association, neither had they any relation to a rejection or approval of the animals in andrological examination. Failure of a bull should be a decision made with specific criteria, there are several factors that influence the results of each of the parameters of the examination and a subsequent approval or disapproval of the animal. Rejection of subfertile bulls has a positive impact in the fertility of the herd, and the bull's role in the same fertility should not be uncovered.
The bull has an important role in the fertility of the herd and the evaluation of its reproductive potential must be determined before the introduction of the animal into reproduction. The Breeding Soundness Exam evaluates this reproductive potential through a physical and anatomical examination and the quality of the spermogram. This exam is already commonly used worldwide to address this potential of the bull but in Portugal only in the last 9 to 10 years this exam has been implemented in a broader way. The southern region of Portugal is where we have a larger stock of beef cattle and larger farms, being this beef cattle production in free range an important economic source for the country. The objective of this work is the bibliographic review of the male reproductive system of the bull and its functioning, as well as the understanding of the procedures performed during the andrological exam and the advantages that this examination brings. This work was carried out during the probationary externship period in the southern part of Portugal, with the collection of data from the andrological exam of 75 animals from different breeds of meat. The animals were of various ages and came from 15 extensive farms. The exam was performed in several contests during clinical practice and when requested by the producer. After the physical and anatomical examination, ejaculate was collected using electroejaculator and the characteristics of the spermogram (motility, morphology and concentration) were evaluated. Some correlations between the parameters of the examination were studied according to what had already been described in previous studies. Of the 75 animals analyzed, 25% were rejected, with an approval rate of 75%. Most of the animals were rejected due to oligospermia. The characteristics of the sperm revealed to be important for an approval or rejection of the animal, as opposed to concentration and volume that did not demonstrated any association with approval or rejection of the animals. The largest number of animals rejected occurred in December, January and February, with 37% of the animals failing the limousine breed and only 5% of the Mirandesa breed. Age and scrotal circumference had no association, neither had they any relation to a rejection or approval of the animals in andrological examination. Failure of a bull should be a decision made with specific criteria, there are several factors that influence the results of each of the parameters of the examination and a subsequent approval or disapproval of the animal. Rejection of subfertile bulls has a positive impact in the fertility of the herd, and the bull's role in the same fertility should not be uncovered.
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Exame andrológico , Portugal , bovinos , espermograma