Efeito de aditivos alimentares nos parâmetros zootécnicos em leitões de recria
Data
2018-12-17
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo analisar os efeitos de aditivos, (açúcares, pro e prebióticos, sais, ácidos orgânicos e óleos essenciais) adicionados na água de bebida, sobre a aceitabilidade e os parâmetros zootécnicos de leitões. O período pós-desmame em leitões é particularmente crítico, devido a um conjunto de alterações que o animal tem de enfrentar – separação da mãe, perda do leite materno, passagem de alimentação líquida para alimentação sólida, e eminentemente de origem vegetal, mudança de instalações, alteração do grupo social, entre outras. Habitualmente, todos estes desafios aumentam o stress a que o animal é sujeito, com implicações na sua saúde, nomeadamente, ao nível do tubo digestivo. A produção procurou contornar todos estes problemas utilizando antibióticos nos alimentos, em doses subterapêuticas, no sentido de prevenir as situações e potenciar o crescimento dos animais. A utilização indiscriminada de antibióticos tem levado ao desenvolvimento de estirpes de bactérias resistentes ou multirresistentes, o que constitui riscos acrescidos para a saúde animal e humana. Este contexto tem incentivado a pesquisa por aditivos que melhorem a saúde intestinal e as performances do animal, sem os problemas inerentes ao uso de antibióticos. Os aditivos por nós testados, eram compostos por um conjunto de açúcares, sais, prebióticos e uma mistura de ácidos orgânicos e de óleos essenciais. No trabalho experimental, foi realizado um ensaio de crescimento com um total 48 leitões, 24 fêmeas e 24 machos, filhos de porcas F1 (Large White x Landrace) cruzadas com varrascos Pietrain e com um peso vivo médio inicial de 8,68kg. O período de ensaio experimental teve duração de 28 dias, tendo início logo após o desmame dos animais (26 dias de idade). Foram testados 4 tratamentos experimentais com aditivos veiculados na água de bebida: A - controlo (água); B - água + a solução base + ácido láurico; C – água + solução base + cinamaldeído; D – água + solução base + ácido láurico + cinamaldeído. Nos 3 primeiros dias do ensaio foram administrados estes 4 tratamentos repartidos pelos respetivos 24 parques (2 leitões por parque), passando-se a fornecer somente água nos restantes dias. Durante o período total do ensaio, todos os animais dispunham de água ad libitum e foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia garantindo-se uma ingestão também ad libitum. Realizaram-se controlos do peso e da ingestão de alimento e de água dos animais ao longo do estudo. Através da análise estatística dos dados obtidos, não se observaram diferenças significativas entre tratamentos no peso vivo (PV), na variação do peso vivo (PV), no ganho médio diário (GMD), na ingestão média de alimento (IMD) e de água (IMDag) e no rácio entre IMD e IMDag. No índice de conversão (IC), para o período total de ensaio, obtiveram-se diferenças significativas. O tratamento C mostrou ser significativamente diferente do tratamento A, e os tratamentos B e D mostraram ser estatisticamente iguais aos outros tratamentos. Não se verificou qualquer problema na aceitabilidade da água pelos leitões que continha os aditivos em teste. Verificaram-se, até, melhorias de ingestão, embora sem significado estatístico. Considerando a grande variabilidade dos resultados numéricos, sem suporte estatístico, atentamos a necessidade de realizar novos estudos, aumentando o número de animais, o número de réplicas e o período de administração dos aditivos.
The main goal of this assignment was to analyse the effects of additives added to drinking water on piglets´ acceptability and on its´ productive parameters. The piglets postweaning period is particularly critical due to the occurrence of certain changes that the animal goes through – separation from mum, loss of maternal milk, transition from liquid to solid and mainly vegetable origin diet, change of facilities, social group adjustments, amongst others. Usually, all these challenges increase the stress levels that the animal is exposed to, and will affect its health, especially on its digestive tract. To prevent these scenarios and increase the animals´ growth, production tried to overcome these issues by using antibiotics in subtherapeutic dosages in food. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics has been leading to the occurrence of resistant or multiresistant strains of bacteria that increase health risks in people and animals. This situation has boosted the research for additives that improve gut health and animal performance, without the consequences of antibiotic use. The additives that we tested, were made of sugars, salts, prebiotics and a mixture of organic acids with essential oils. In the experimental part, in was made a growth trial with a total of 48 piglets, 24 females and 24 males, offsprings of F1 sows (Large White x Landrace) crossbred with Pietrain boars, with an initial mean live weight of 8,68Kg. The trial lasted 28 days, starting straight after weaning (28 days of age). It was tested 4 experimental treatments with additives in drinking water: A – control (water); B – water + basic solution + lauric acid; C – water + basic solution + cinnamaldehyde; D – water + basic solution + lauric acid + cinnamaldehyde. On the first 3 days of trial, the 4 treatments were administered and distributed by the 24 parks (2 piglets per park), administering water on the remaining days. During the whole duration of the trial, all animals were provided with water ad libitum and were fed twice a day making sure that they had food ad libitum as well. Weight, food and water monitoring were made throughout the trial. Through the data statistical analysis, it wasn´t observed significant differences between treatments, on live weight (LW), in live weight variation (LW), average daily gain (LWG), mean feed intake (IMDag) and in the ratio between IMD and IMDag. In the conversion index (CI), for the total period of the test, significant differences were obtained. Treatment C showed to be significantly different from treatment A, and treatments B and D were shown to be statistically equal to the other treatments.It wasn´t identified any problem at water acceptability in the piglets, that had the trial additives. It was even verified an improvement on ingestion, although without any statistical significance.Considering the broad variety of numeric results without statistical support, we enhance the need of making new studies with increased number of animals, number of replicas and longer period of additive administration.
The main goal of this assignment was to analyse the effects of additives added to drinking water on piglets´ acceptability and on its´ productive parameters. The piglets postweaning period is particularly critical due to the occurrence of certain changes that the animal goes through – separation from mum, loss of maternal milk, transition from liquid to solid and mainly vegetable origin diet, change of facilities, social group adjustments, amongst others. Usually, all these challenges increase the stress levels that the animal is exposed to, and will affect its health, especially on its digestive tract. To prevent these scenarios and increase the animals´ growth, production tried to overcome these issues by using antibiotics in subtherapeutic dosages in food. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics has been leading to the occurrence of resistant or multiresistant strains of bacteria that increase health risks in people and animals. This situation has boosted the research for additives that improve gut health and animal performance, without the consequences of antibiotic use. The additives that we tested, were made of sugars, salts, prebiotics and a mixture of organic acids with essential oils. In the experimental part, in was made a growth trial with a total of 48 piglets, 24 females and 24 males, offsprings of F1 sows (Large White x Landrace) crossbred with Pietrain boars, with an initial mean live weight of 8,68Kg. The trial lasted 28 days, starting straight after weaning (28 days of age). It was tested 4 experimental treatments with additives in drinking water: A – control (water); B – water + basic solution + lauric acid; C – water + basic solution + cinnamaldehyde; D – water + basic solution + lauric acid + cinnamaldehyde. On the first 3 days of trial, the 4 treatments were administered and distributed by the 24 parks (2 piglets per park), administering water on the remaining days. During the whole duration of the trial, all animals were provided with water ad libitum and were fed twice a day making sure that they had food ad libitum as well. Weight, food and water monitoring were made throughout the trial. Through the data statistical analysis, it wasn´t observed significant differences between treatments, on live weight (LW), in live weight variation (LW), average daily gain (LWG), mean feed intake (IMDag) and in the ratio between IMD and IMDag. In the conversion index (CI), for the total period of the test, significant differences were obtained. Treatment C showed to be significantly different from treatment A, and treatments B and D were shown to be statistically equal to the other treatments.It wasn´t identified any problem at water acceptability in the piglets, that had the trial additives. It was even verified an improvement on ingestion, although without any statistical significance.Considering the broad variety of numeric results without statistical support, we enhance the need of making new studies with increased number of animals, number of replicas and longer period of additive administration.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica apresentada à Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
Palavras-chave
Leitões , Recria , Desmame , Aditivos Alimentares , Cinamaldeído , Ácido Láurico