Intervenção psicológica no luto infantil através da técnica ludoterapêutica Caixa de areia – um estudo de caso
Data
2019-02-14
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A morte é um processo natural e normal, que todos vivenciamos. Mas como falar de morte a uma criança que perde uma figura importante na sua vida? Quando uma criança perde um pai ou uma mãe, essa perda quase sempre deixa marcas profundas, com grande impacto na sua vida. Intervir no luto infantil demonstra ser uma tarefa difícil e as investigações sobre essa complexidade demonstram ser escassas. Assim sendo, procurouse com o presente estudo perceber quais as vivências que a criança em luto traz para a caixa de areia, assim como, analisar os temas mais comuns utilizados pela criança ao longo da utilização da técnica caixa de areia e de outras técnicas associadas. Para o efeito foi incluída para estudo de caso único, uma criança do sexo feminino que perdeu a sua mãe aos 4 anos de idade, acompanhada na unidade de pedopsiquiatria de um hospital da zona norte do país. A participante foi submetida a uma intervenção psicológica através da técnica caixa de areia, com periodicidade quinzenal e duração de um ano e dois meses. Para uma avaliação inicial e recolha de dados pertinentes para a condução da intervenção, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Desenho da família, Desenho Livre, Desenho da Figura Humana de Goodenough e a Caixa de areia. A intervenção foi conduzida à luz de uma abordagem não diretiva, centrada na criança, e utilizou como técnica principal de intervenção a caixa de areia, com a associação de outras técnicas como a biblioterapia, o role play, o relaxamento, os desenhos livres e o livro de memórias. A análise dos dados obtidos foi orientada segundo uma abordagem qualitativa. Nos resultados encontrados, a criança revelou melhorias na compreensão sobre a morte, foi capaz de externalizar sentimentos como a tristeza e a raiva, assim como, representar simbolicamente na caixa de areia a morte da sua mãe, o que permitiu facilitar a sua comunicação e ajudar na laboração positiva do seu luto
Death is a natural and normal process, which we all experienced. But how to speak of death to a child who loses an important figure in his life? When a child loses a father or a mother, usually, that loss leaves deep marks, with big impact on their life. The Intervention in child’s grief proves to be a difficult task, and investigations about this complexity are insufficient. Therefore, the present study sought to understand the experiences that the bereaved child transfers to the sandplay, as well as to analyze the most common themes explored by the child in the sandplay technique with the association of other techniques. For this purpose, a single case study was included: a female child who lost her mother at the age of 4, followed by the pedopsychiatric unit of a hospital in the North of the country. The participant was submitted to a psychological intervention through the sandplay technique, every two weeks, for one year, in a total of twenty-seven sessions. For an initial assessment and collection of relevant data for the intervention, the following instruments were used: Family Drawing, Free Drawing, Goodenough Human Figure Drawing and Sandplay. His intervention was guided by a non-directive, childcentered approach and used the sandplay as the main intervention technique, with the association of others such as bibliotherapy, role play, relaxation, free drawings and the memory book. The data analysis was guided using a qualitative approach. On the results, the child revealed improvements in the understanding about death. She was able to externalize feelings like sadness and anger, as well as, represent, symbolically, the death of her mother, which allowed to promote communication and help in the positive development of her grief.
Death is a natural and normal process, which we all experienced. But how to speak of death to a child who loses an important figure in his life? When a child loses a father or a mother, usually, that loss leaves deep marks, with big impact on their life. The Intervention in child’s grief proves to be a difficult task, and investigations about this complexity are insufficient. Therefore, the present study sought to understand the experiences that the bereaved child transfers to the sandplay, as well as to analyze the most common themes explored by the child in the sandplay technique with the association of other techniques. For this purpose, a single case study was included: a female child who lost her mother at the age of 4, followed by the pedopsychiatric unit of a hospital in the North of the country. The participant was submitted to a psychological intervention through the sandplay technique, every two weeks, for one year, in a total of twenty-seven sessions. For an initial assessment and collection of relevant data for the intervention, the following instruments were used: Family Drawing, Free Drawing, Goodenough Human Figure Drawing and Sandplay. His intervention was guided by a non-directive, childcentered approach and used the sandplay as the main intervention technique, with the association of others such as bibliotherapy, role play, relaxation, free drawings and the memory book. The data analysis was guided using a qualitative approach. On the results, the child revealed improvements in the understanding about death. She was able to externalize feelings like sadness and anger, as well as, represent, symbolically, the death of her mother, which allowed to promote communication and help in the positive development of her grief.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica
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luto infantil , ludoterapia , estudo de caso , intervenção psicológica