Valorização de subprodutos da produção de cogumelos na formulação de biocompósitos: Aplicação à produção de vasos biodegradáveis
Ficheiros
Data
2019-04-24
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
O sector agrícola e forestal, produz anualmente toneladas de resíduos que podem ser valorizados na produção de biocompósitos totalmente biodegradáveis, permitindo dar - lhes um destino útil e contribuir para a economia circular, assunto muito importante nos dias de hoje. A biodegradabilidade é uma das propriedades que justifcam o crescente interesse nestes compósitos de origem natural, no entanto, pela manipulação das condições de produção e dos componentes utilizados é possível obter igualmente materiais com excelentes propriedades mecânicas, que os tornam adequados para inúmeras aplicações e permitem a gradual substituição dos plásticos e produtos similares derivados do petróleo. O uso recorrente de plástico na agricultura, para a cobertura de estruturas, sistemas de rega e drenagem, coberturas de solo e, no caso dos viveiristas, do uso de vasos e contentores de plástico para a germinação e crescimento de plantas, levou a que existisse uma elevada procura de alternativas para a substituição do plástico. Com o presente trabalho pretendeu-se utilizar resíduos agrícolas e forestais na produção de cogumelos e obter materiais, a partir dos resíduos da cultura, para produção de vasos biodegradáveis. Deste modo existiu uma valorização dos sub - produtos e resolveu-se o problema da sua deposição, assegurando uma maior efciência e sustentabilidade na utilização dos recursos naturais. De forma a avaliar o comportamento destes vasos na produção de plantas, fez - se um estudo comparativo entre as diferentes alternativas existentes no mercado com os vasos produzidos em laboratório, utilizando a cultura da alface como referência. Foi feita uma comparação entre os vasos comerciais e os vasos desenvolvidos em laboratório recorrendo a medições do teor de cloro la das plantas, à análise de produtividade com base nos pesos secos e frescos de cada uma das plantas dos tratamentos e, por último, foi realizada uma análise microbiológica do solo dos ensaios que teriam mais interesse, principalmente os dos vasos comerciais e, os que apresentavam alfaces com melhores crescimentos, de forma a determinar Os tratamentos E (palha e serrim) na generalidade dos tópicos analisados foi o que obteve resultados mais satisfatórios em relação aos restantes, como também, é de salientar que o tratamento N, ou seja, plantas isentas de vaso possuem resultados positivos, algo que já era esperado. É de realçar que os tratamentos em que foram usados vasos de fibra de coco e turfa, sendo estes considerados vasos biodegradáveis, são os que apresentaram valores insatisfatórios e é importante denotar que a degradação dos mesmos foi inexistente.
The agricultural and forestry sector produces annually tons of waste that can be exploited in the production of fully biodegradable biocomposites, allowing them to have a useful destination and contribute to the circular economy, which is a very important subject these days. Biodegradability is one of the properties that justi es the growing interest in these naturally occurring composites. However, by manipulating the production conditions and the components used, it is also possible to obtain materials with excellent mechanical properties, which make them suitable for many applications and gradual substitution of plastics and similar derived petroleum products. The recurrent use of plastic in agriculture in covering structures, irrigation and drainage systems, soil coverages and, in the case of nursery farmers, the use of plastic containers for the germination and growth of plants, which led to the existence of high demand for alternatives to plastic replacement. The aim of this study was to use agricultural and forest residues in the production of mushrooms and obtain materials from the crop residues to produce biodegradable pots. In this way there was an appreciation of the by-products and the problem of their disposal was solved, ensuring greater e ciency and sustainability in the use of natural resources. In order to evaluate the behavior of these pots in the production of plants, a comparative study was carried out between the di erent alternatives in the market with the pots produced in the laboratory, using the lettuce crop as reference. A comparison was made between commercial and laboratory pots using measurements of plant chlorophyll content, productivity analysis based on dry and fresh weights of each of the treatments plants and, nally, a microbiological analysis of the soil of the trials that would be of more interest, especially those of the commercial pots and those with better growing lettuces, in order to determine which one had higher values of CFU of bacteria and fungi. The treatments E (straw and sawdust) in the generality of the topics analyzed were the ones that obtained more satisfactory results in relation to the others, as well as, it should be pointed out that the N treatment, that is, plants absent from the vase have positive results, which was expected. It is noteworthy that the treatments in which coconut ber and peat pots were used, being considered biodegradable vessels, are those that presented unsatisfactory values and it is important to note that the degradation of the same was non-existent.
The agricultural and forestry sector produces annually tons of waste that can be exploited in the production of fully biodegradable biocomposites, allowing them to have a useful destination and contribute to the circular economy, which is a very important subject these days. Biodegradability is one of the properties that justi es the growing interest in these naturally occurring composites. However, by manipulating the production conditions and the components used, it is also possible to obtain materials with excellent mechanical properties, which make them suitable for many applications and gradual substitution of plastics and similar derived petroleum products. The recurrent use of plastic in agriculture in covering structures, irrigation and drainage systems, soil coverages and, in the case of nursery farmers, the use of plastic containers for the germination and growth of plants, which led to the existence of high demand for alternatives to plastic replacement. The aim of this study was to use agricultural and forest residues in the production of mushrooms and obtain materials from the crop residues to produce biodegradable pots. In this way there was an appreciation of the by-products and the problem of their disposal was solved, ensuring greater e ciency and sustainability in the use of natural resources. In order to evaluate the behavior of these pots in the production of plants, a comparative study was carried out between the di erent alternatives in the market with the pots produced in the laboratory, using the lettuce crop as reference. A comparison was made between commercial and laboratory pots using measurements of plant chlorophyll content, productivity analysis based on dry and fresh weights of each of the treatments plants and, nally, a microbiological analysis of the soil of the trials that would be of more interest, especially those of the commercial pots and those with better growing lettuces, in order to determine which one had higher values of CFU of bacteria and fungi. The treatments E (straw and sawdust) in the generality of the topics analyzed were the ones that obtained more satisfactory results in relation to the others, as well as, it should be pointed out that the N treatment, that is, plants absent from the vase have positive results, which was expected. It is noteworthy that the treatments in which coconut ber and peat pots were used, being considered biodegradable vessels, are those that presented unsatisfactory values and it is important to note that the degradation of the same was non-existent.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica
Palavras-chave
Resíduos agroforestais , sustentabilidade , vasos biodegradáveis , produção de alfaces