Comportamentos de saúde oral de alunos do 3º ciclo
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2019-04-04
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Introdução: O presente relatório diz respeito à unidade curricular Estágio e Relatório, a qual integra o Plano de Estudos, do curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem Comunitária, da Escola Superior de Saúde, na Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, tendo o estágio sido desenvolvido, no período de setembro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018, na Unidade de Cuidados na Comunidade de Carrazeda de Ansiães e Unidade de Saúde Pública de Chaves, surgindo como um documento que pretende descrever as atividades realizadas e o desenvolvimento de competências, de Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária e de Saúde Pública. Neste estágio, a principal atividade foi a implementação de um projeto de intervenção designado “Sorrir com Saúde”, no âmbito dos comportamentos de saúde oral, procurando capacitar os alunos sobre adequados comportamentos de saúde oral. Um dos principais problemas de saúde da população infantil e juvenil são as doenças orais devido à sua prevalência. Estas apresentam uma elevada vulnerabilidade com elevados custos económicos e ganhos em saúde relevantes, pelo que devem ser adequadamente prevenidas e precocemente tratadas Objetivos: i) Descrever de forma clara e concisa as atividades realizadas ao longo do estágio e as competências desenvolvidas no âmbito da EC; ii) Relacionar as atividades realizadas com o desenvolvimento de competências específicas, tendo como matriz o Regulamento de competências para o EEECSP da OE; iii) Refletir sobre as experiências vividas ao longo do estágio e as dificuldades sentidas, enquanto momentos privilegiados de aprendizagem; iv) Apresentar as fases da metodologia do planeamento em saúde, desde o diagnóstico de situação até à avaliação das intervenções, que nos permitiu mensurar os resultados obtidos; v) Desenvolver competências crítico-reflexivas na elaboração do relatório de estágio; vi) Dar resposta à vertente de avaliação da UC, servindo de instrumento de avaliação. Metodologia: A metodologia seguida foi a do planeamento em saúde, desde o diagnóstico de situação, até à avaliação das intervenções. No diagnóstico de situação foi realizado um estudo cuja amostra integrou 76 alunos de uma Escola EB 2,3 ciclo, aos quais foi aplicado um questionário de autopreenchimento, construído e validado para o efeito. Foram identificadas prioridades e implementado um projeto de intervenção. Na avaliação foi utilizado o mesmo instrumento de recolha de dados. Os dados foram tratados com recurso ao Statistical Package for the Social Science. Resultados: A maioria dos alunos que integraram o diagnóstico de situação era do sexo masculino (53,9%), o grupo etário mais prevalente (61,8%) tinha entre 12 e 13 anos, o maior grupo frequentava o 7º ano de escolaridade (46,1%) e a maioria residia numa aldeia (53,9%). Quanto aos comportamentos de higiene oral a maioria da amostra escovava os dentes duas vezes por dia (67,1%), sendo que a grande maioria tinha consultado o médico dentista nos últimos 12 meses (98,7%). Na alimentação 54% dos alunos consumiam doces com regularidade, e a maioria consumia refrigerantes (88,2%). Foi identificado um conjunto de problemas, tendo o Problema 1 “81,6% dos alunos têm um comportamento não adequado na frequência no consumo de refrigerantes” sido considerado o problema mais prioritário. As estratégias desenvolvidas centraram-se na realização de educação para a saúde sobre saúde oral e alimentação, demonstração de adequados comportamentos de higiene oral com dentadura gigante. As metas dos indicadores de adesão foram ultrapassadas. A média da pontuação dos comportamentos de higiene oral aumentou do primeiro momento para o segundo momento, verificando-se diferenças estatísticas altamente significativas (t: p <0,000). Conclusão: Os conhecimentos dos alunos foram desenvolvidos e fortalecidos, como foi constatado pelas avaliações das sessões de Eps realizadas e globalmente os comportamentos de SO melhoraram com as intervenções realizadas, que tiveram um efeito positivo nos mesmos. Estes resultados constituem ganhos em saúde. A realização do projeto de intervenção espelhado no presente relatório, revelou-se fundamental para a aquisição de competências específicas para a prática de cuidados especializados em Enfermagem Comunitária. O diagnóstico de situação permitirá a estes profissionais intervenções mais ajustadas às necessidades desta comunidade escolar, tornando-as mais eficazes.
Introduction: This report concerns the Internship and Report unit, which integrates the Study Plan, the Master's Degree in Community Nursing, the School of Health, the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, in the period from September 2017 to February 2018, in the Community Care Unit of Carrazeda de Ansiães and the Public Health Unit of Chaves, appearing as a document that intends to describe the activities carried out and the development of Nurse Specialist in Community Nursing and Public Health. At this stage, the main activity was the implementation of an intervention project called "Smile with Health", in the scope of oral health behaviors, seeking to enable students on appropriate oral health behaviors. One of the main health problems of children and adolescents is oral diseases due to their prevalence. These are highly vulnerable with high economic costs and relevant health gains and should therefore be adequately prevented and treated early Objectives: i) Describe in a clear and concise manner the activities carried out during the internship and the competences developed within the scope of the CE; ii) To relate the activities carried out with the development of specific competences, having as a matrix the Regulation of competences for the EEE-SPE; iii) Reflect on the experiences lived along the stage and the difficulties experienced, as privileged moments of learning; iv) Present the phases of the health planning methodology, from the situation diagnosis to the evaluation of the interventions, which allowed us to measure the results obtained; v) To develop critical-reflexive skills in the preparation of the internship report; vi) To respond to the evaluation aspect of the CU, serving as an evaluation tool. Methodology: The methodology followed was that of health planning, from the diagnosis of the situation to the evaluation of the interventions. In the diagnosis of the situation, a study was carried out whose sample included 76 students from a 2, 3 EB school, to whom a self-filling questionnaire was constructed and validated for this purpose. Priorities were identified and an intervention project was implemented. In the evaluation, the same data collection instrument was used. The data were treated using the Statistical Package for the Social Science. Results: The majority of the students included in the situation diagnosis were male (53.9%), the most prevalent age group (61.8%) were between 12 and 13 years old, the largest group attended the 7th year of schooling (46.1%) and the majority resided in a village (53.9%). Regarding oral hygiene behaviors, most of the sample brushed their teeth twice a day (67.1%), and most of them had consulted the dentist in the last 12 months (98.7%). In food, 54% of students consumed sweets regularly, and most consumed soft drinks (88.2%). A set of problems was identified, with Problem 1 "81.6% of students having an inappropriate behavior in the frequency of soft drinks consumption" was considered the most important problem. The strategies developed focused on health education on oral health and nutrition, demonstrating adequate oral hygiene behaviors with giant dentures. The goals of the accession indicators have been exceeded. The average score of oral hygiene behaviors increased from the first moment to the second moment, with highly significant statistical diferences (t: p <0.000). Conclusion: The knowledge of the students was developed and strengthened, as evidenced by the evaluations of the Eps sessions performed and overall the OS behaviors improved with the interventions performed, which had a positive effect on them. These results constitute gains in health. The implementation of the intervention project reflected in this report has proved to be fundamental for the acquisition of specific competences for the practice of specialized nursing in Community Nursing. The diagnosis of the situation will allow these professionals to be more responsive to the needs of this school community, making them more effective.
Introduction: This report concerns the Internship and Report unit, which integrates the Study Plan, the Master's Degree in Community Nursing, the School of Health, the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, in the period from September 2017 to February 2018, in the Community Care Unit of Carrazeda de Ansiães and the Public Health Unit of Chaves, appearing as a document that intends to describe the activities carried out and the development of Nurse Specialist in Community Nursing and Public Health. At this stage, the main activity was the implementation of an intervention project called "Smile with Health", in the scope of oral health behaviors, seeking to enable students on appropriate oral health behaviors. One of the main health problems of children and adolescents is oral diseases due to their prevalence. These are highly vulnerable with high economic costs and relevant health gains and should therefore be adequately prevented and treated early Objectives: i) Describe in a clear and concise manner the activities carried out during the internship and the competences developed within the scope of the CE; ii) To relate the activities carried out with the development of specific competences, having as a matrix the Regulation of competences for the EEE-SPE; iii) Reflect on the experiences lived along the stage and the difficulties experienced, as privileged moments of learning; iv) Present the phases of the health planning methodology, from the situation diagnosis to the evaluation of the interventions, which allowed us to measure the results obtained; v) To develop critical-reflexive skills in the preparation of the internship report; vi) To respond to the evaluation aspect of the CU, serving as an evaluation tool. Methodology: The methodology followed was that of health planning, from the diagnosis of the situation to the evaluation of the interventions. In the diagnosis of the situation, a study was carried out whose sample included 76 students from a 2, 3 EB school, to whom a self-filling questionnaire was constructed and validated for this purpose. Priorities were identified and an intervention project was implemented. In the evaluation, the same data collection instrument was used. The data were treated using the Statistical Package for the Social Science. Results: The majority of the students included in the situation diagnosis were male (53.9%), the most prevalent age group (61.8%) were between 12 and 13 years old, the largest group attended the 7th year of schooling (46.1%) and the majority resided in a village (53.9%). Regarding oral hygiene behaviors, most of the sample brushed their teeth twice a day (67.1%), and most of them had consulted the dentist in the last 12 months (98.7%). In food, 54% of students consumed sweets regularly, and most consumed soft drinks (88.2%). A set of problems was identified, with Problem 1 "81.6% of students having an inappropriate behavior in the frequency of soft drinks consumption" was considered the most important problem. The strategies developed focused on health education on oral health and nutrition, demonstrating adequate oral hygiene behaviors with giant dentures. The goals of the accession indicators have been exceeded. The average score of oral hygiene behaviors increased from the first moment to the second moment, with highly significant statistical diferences (t: p <0.000). Conclusion: The knowledge of the students was developed and strengthened, as evidenced by the evaluations of the Eps sessions performed and overall the OS behaviors improved with the interventions performed, which had a positive effect on them. These results constitute gains in health. The implementation of the intervention project reflected in this report has proved to be fundamental for the acquisition of specific competences for the practice of specialized nursing in Community Nursing. The diagnosis of the situation will allow these professionals to be more responsive to the needs of this school community, making them more effective.
Descrição
Mestrado em Enfermagem Comunitária
Palavras-chave
Adolescentes em idade escolar , Higiene oral