Flores e Saúde Pública: uma análise epidemiológica por métodos microbiológicos e moleculares
Data
2019-05-16
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
Os fungos filamentosos presentes nas flores podem ser um risco para a saúde pública, uma vez que são fungos oportunistas com potencial patogénico, em especial para indivíduos imunodeprimidos. As flores estão presentes em muitos ambientes e são comumente oferecidas, utilizadas para enfeitar ambientes e casas. O simples ato de cheirar uma flor pode levar à inalação de esporos fúngicos, podendo ocorrer risco de contaminação ou colonização das fossas nasais ou mesmo permitir que estes esporos atinjam as vias respiratórias inferiores. Assim, torna-se importante o rastreio de fungos filamentosos em flores. Neste trabalho efetuou-se a colheita de 121 flores de jardim de várias espécies, em dois locais diferentes (Tarouca e Vila Real) e em duas épocas do ano (Outono e Inverno). Em todas as amostras foram sujeitas a cultura fúngica e a isolamento dos principais géneros de fungos filamentosos com importância médica e foi ainda efetuado um estudo molecular pela técnica de ISSR. Em todas as amostras foi possível isolar e identificar, pelo menos um género fúngico, no total 6 géneros fúngicos diferentes e 1 espécie (Talaromyces marneffei) foram identificados. Cladosporium foi o género mais ocorrente (99,2%), seguido de Penicillium (60,3%), Fusarium (48,8%), Alternaria (31,4%), Aspergillus (6,6%) e Mucor (6,6%). Dos três géneros, testados pela técnica de ISSRs, o género Cladosporium foi o que apresentou uma maior taxa de polimorfismo (99,3%), apresentado uma elevada variabilidade intraespecífica, seguido pelo género Aspergillus (96,4%) e o género Penicillium foi o que apresentou uma menor taxa de polimorfismo (90,1%). Analisando as relações filogenéticas, o género Penicillium foi o que obteve uma maior diversidade, seguido de Cladosporium e Aspergillus. Os dois isolados identificadas como Talaromyces marneffei, por técnicas microbiológicas, foram sujeitados à técnica de Nested-PCR e sequenciação, para confirmação da espécie e ambos os resultados deram positivo.
Filamentous fungi present in flowers can be a risk to public health, since they are opportunistic fungi with pathogenic potential, especially for immunosuppressed individuals. Flowers are present in many environments and are commonly offered, used to decorate environments and homes. The mere act of smelling a flower can lead to the inhalation of fungal spores, which may carry the risk of contamination or colonization of the nasal passages or even allow these spores to reach the lower respiratory tract. Thus, screening for filamentous fungi on flowers becomes important. In this work, 121 flowers of different species were collected at two different locations (Tarouca and Vila Real) and at two seasons (Autumn and Winter). All samples were subjected to fungal culture and isolation of the main genera of filamentous fungi with medical importance and a molecular study was carried out by the ISSR technique. In all samples it was possible to isolate and identify at least one fungal genus, in total, 6 fungal genera and 1 species were identified (Talaromyces marneffei). Cladosporium was the predominant genus (99.2%), followed by Penicillium (60.3%), Fusarium (48.8%), Alternaria (31.4%), Aspergillus (6.6%) and Mucor (6%). Of the three genera tested by the ISSR technique, the genus Cladosporium was the one with the highest polymorphism rate (99.3%), with high intraspecific variability, followed by the genus Aspergillus (96.4%) and Penicillium genus, which presented lower polymorphism interest rate (90.1%). Analyzing the phylogenetic relationships, Penicillium was the one that obtained the highest diversity, followed by Cladosporium and Aspergillus. The two isolates identified as Talaromyces marneffei, by microbiological techniques, were submitted to the Nested-PCR technique and sequencing, for confirmation of the species and both results were positive.
Filamentous fungi present in flowers can be a risk to public health, since they are opportunistic fungi with pathogenic potential, especially for immunosuppressed individuals. Flowers are present in many environments and are commonly offered, used to decorate environments and homes. The mere act of smelling a flower can lead to the inhalation of fungal spores, which may carry the risk of contamination or colonization of the nasal passages or even allow these spores to reach the lower respiratory tract. Thus, screening for filamentous fungi on flowers becomes important. In this work, 121 flowers of different species were collected at two different locations (Tarouca and Vila Real) and at two seasons (Autumn and Winter). All samples were subjected to fungal culture and isolation of the main genera of filamentous fungi with medical importance and a molecular study was carried out by the ISSR technique. In all samples it was possible to isolate and identify at least one fungal genus, in total, 6 fungal genera and 1 species were identified (Talaromyces marneffei). Cladosporium was the predominant genus (99.2%), followed by Penicillium (60.3%), Fusarium (48.8%), Alternaria (31.4%), Aspergillus (6.6%) and Mucor (6%). Of the three genera tested by the ISSR technique, the genus Cladosporium was the one with the highest polymorphism rate (99.3%), with high intraspecific variability, followed by the genus Aspergillus (96.4%) and Penicillium genus, which presented lower polymorphism interest rate (90.1%). Analyzing the phylogenetic relationships, Penicillium was the one that obtained the highest diversity, followed by Cladosporium and Aspergillus. The two isolates identified as Talaromyces marneffei, by microbiological techniques, were submitted to the Nested-PCR technique and sequencing, for confirmation of the species and both results were positive.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Biotecnologia para as Ciências da Saúde
Palavras-chave
Flores , Fungos Filamentosos