Efeito de cálcio e de bio-estimulante na produção de morango em hidroponia
Data
2017-11-09
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
A produção de morangos requer variedades de alta qualidade que possam satisfazer as perspetivas dos consumidores, relativamente a textura, sabor, cor e à sua conservação após a colheita. O estudo apresentado foi realizado para a empresa Frulact e avalia o efeito da aplicação de cálcio e de bio-estimulante comercial à base de extrato de algas a morangueiros em sistema semi-hidropónico. Esta empresa transforma os frutos em preparados que alcançam a textura, sabor e cor desejada pelos clientes. Foram selecionadas e fornecidas pela empresa duas cultivares não remontantes, cultivar X e Camarosa e uma cultivar remontante, a Y, plantadas em sistema semihidropónico com calhas suspensas no ar e fertilizadas com sistema de fertirrega. O nome das cultivares X e Y foi codificado a pedido da empresa Frulact. Os morangueiros das três variedades foram submetidos a cinco tratamentos: controlo (aplicado pelo produtor), os tratamentos 2 e 3 que consistem na aplicação de um reforço de duas doses de nitrato de cálcio, 5 e 10 kg por hectare, respetivamente, e os tratamentos 4 e 5 consistem na aplicação de bio-estimulante, 1,5 L/ha quinzenal e 4,5 L/ha mensalmente, respetivamente. Paralelamente, no solo e em sacos contendo substrato, as variedades X e Y foram sujeitas aos tratamentos controlo e tratamento 2 (5kg de nitrato de cálcio/ha). Ao longo do ciclo cultural efetuou-se a contagem de número de flores e morangos e de parâmetros de qualidade dos pseudo-frutos como pH, dureza, teor em sólidos solúveis e parâmetros cromáticos. A cultivar e data de amostragem tiveram efeitos significativos (p value <0,05) para a maioria dos parâmetros analisados. A cultivar X foi a mais produtiva, pH e teor em sólidos solúveis mais elevados e dureza significativamente mais baixa que das outras cultivares. A cultivar Y possuiu maior dureza de frutos. A cultivar Camarosa apresentou valores intermédios nos parâmetros físico-químicos entre as outras cultivares e menor produção. O efeito do tratamento nem sempre foi significativo. Na produção, o controlo atingiu maiores valores e a nível do teor em sólidos solúveis e dureza o tratamento 3 (10 kg de nitrato de cálcio semanalmente) tende a ser mais interessante, o que se confirmou em análise sensorial. Em termos industriais, a opção pela variedade X e Y, sujeitas ao tratamento 3, garantem maior quantidade de produção e mais qualidade.
The strawberry production requires high quality varieties to satisfy the consumer’s perspective on the texture, flavor, color and the preservation of their characteristics after harvest. The present study was carried in the Frulact company and evaluates the effect of calcium and commercial biostimulant based on algae extract application to strawberries in a semi-hydroponic system. This company transforms the fruits into preparations that achieve the texture, flavor and color desired by the customers. In one trial, two non-remanent cultivars of strawberry, cultivar X and Camarosa, and one remanent cultivar, Y, were installed in a semi-hydroponic system with gutters suspended in the air and fertilized with a fertirrigation system. The name of cultivars X and Y was codified by request of Frulact. To the strawberries of the three varieties, five treatments were submitted: control (applied by the producer), treatment 2 and 3 consisting of the application of a reinforcement of two doses of calcium nitrate, 5 and 10 kg per hectare respectively and treatment 4 and 5 which consist of applying an extra dose of biostimulant, 1.5 L/ha biweekly and 4.5 L/ha monthly, respectively. At the same time two trials were developed, one in the soil and one in sacks containing substrate where the X and Y varieties were exposed to the control and treatment 2 (5kg of calcium nitrate / ha). Throughout the cultural cycle, productivity measurements were performed, such as counting the number of flowers and strawberries and their quality parameters such as pH, hardness, soluble solids content and color parameters. The cultivar and date of sampling had significant effects (p value <0.05) for most of the analyzed parameters. The cultivar X was the most productive, pH and solids content higher and hardness significantly lower than the other cultivars. Y cultivar had higher fruit hardness. The Camarosa cultivar presented intermediate values in the physical-chemical parameters among the other cultivars and less production. The treatment effect was not always significant. In the production, the control reached higher values and in the level of soluble solids content and hardness the treatment 3 (10 kg of calcium nitrate weekly) tends to be more interesting, which is confirmed in sensorial analysis. In industrial terms, the option for the X and Y varieties, subject to treatment 3, guarantee higher production and higher quality.
The strawberry production requires high quality varieties to satisfy the consumer’s perspective on the texture, flavor, color and the preservation of their characteristics after harvest. The present study was carried in the Frulact company and evaluates the effect of calcium and commercial biostimulant based on algae extract application to strawberries in a semi-hydroponic system. This company transforms the fruits into preparations that achieve the texture, flavor and color desired by the customers. In one trial, two non-remanent cultivars of strawberry, cultivar X and Camarosa, and one remanent cultivar, Y, were installed in a semi-hydroponic system with gutters suspended in the air and fertilized with a fertirrigation system. The name of cultivars X and Y was codified by request of Frulact. To the strawberries of the three varieties, five treatments were submitted: control (applied by the producer), treatment 2 and 3 consisting of the application of a reinforcement of two doses of calcium nitrate, 5 and 10 kg per hectare respectively and treatment 4 and 5 which consist of applying an extra dose of biostimulant, 1.5 L/ha biweekly and 4.5 L/ha monthly, respectively. At the same time two trials were developed, one in the soil and one in sacks containing substrate where the X and Y varieties were exposed to the control and treatment 2 (5kg of calcium nitrate / ha). Throughout the cultural cycle, productivity measurements were performed, such as counting the number of flowers and strawberries and their quality parameters such as pH, hardness, soluble solids content and color parameters. The cultivar and date of sampling had significant effects (p value <0.05) for most of the analyzed parameters. The cultivar X was the most productive, pH and solids content higher and hardness significantly lower than the other cultivars. Y cultivar had higher fruit hardness. The Camarosa cultivar presented intermediate values in the physical-chemical parameters among the other cultivars and less production. The treatment effect was not always significant. In the production, the control reached higher values and in the level of soluble solids content and hardness the treatment 3 (10 kg of calcium nitrate weekly) tends to be more interesting, which is confirmed in sensorial analysis. In industrial terms, the option for the X and Y varieties, subject to treatment 3, guarantee higher production and higher quality.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica
Palavras-chave
morango , bio-estimulante