A relação da força e a técnica no desempenho do nado crawl em nadadores federados de 11 a 16 anos da cidade de Fortaleza-CE
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2019-07-09
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A Natação é um esporte que apresenta uma iniciação esportiva cada vez mais precoce, pois existe um aumento considerável do número de crianças e adolescentes envolvidas no processo de treinamento. O treino técnico é fundamental na maior parte das modalidades esportivas e um fator influenciador do rendimento esportivo, assim como a força, que gera a capacidade propulsiva de deslocamento na água. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a correlação de um melhor desempenho de 50 m do nado crawl em velocidade máxima com a força de nado amarrado e com o índice de erros na técnica de nado e em atletas de natação federados na faixa etária entre 11 e 16 anos, de ambos os gêneros, da cidade de Fortaleza. Participaram da pesquisa atletas de natação filiados à FCDA e competitivamente ativos há um período mínimo de um ano, com idade entre 11 e 16 anos. Os dados foram coletados através da avaliação antropométrica, que constou da mensuração do peso corporal, estatura corporal, IMC e envergadura; avaliação de força de nado, através do protocolo de nado amarrado e aferida por um dinamômetro ligado a cintura do nadador; avaliação da qualidade técnica do nado, aferida pela filmagem do nadador e identificação dos erros técnicos apresentados, quantificados segundo o instrumento de análise técnica de Madureira (2008); e avaliação de desempenho do nado crawl em velocidade máxima que foi obtida pelo melhor resultado oficial em competições da prova de 50 m no período de um ano. Os dados paramétricos foram apresentados como médias ± erro padrão da média (SEM), utilizando os testes de Análise de Variância (ANOVA) seguido de teste de Tukey. Para verificar correlação entre os grupos de dados foi utilizado a Correlação de Pearson. Para todas as análises, p<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Foram avaliados 48 ateltas (n=8). Os resultados demonstraram que 73% (n=35) dos atletas eram do sexo masculino e 27% (n=13) do sexo feminino. O tempo médio de prática de natação foi de 48,82 + 27,67 e 38,86 + 25,94 meses, respectivamente para rapazes e moças. Os rapazes apresentaram valores médios de altura de 1,66 + 0,12 m; peso de 58,20 + 13,19 Kg; envergadura de 1,74 + 0,14 m; percentil do IMC de 20,85 + 2,72 Kg/m2 . As moças apresentaram valores médios de altura de 1,59 + 0,07 m; peso de 49,68 + 5,61 Kg; envergadura de 1,65 + 0,08 m; percentil do IMC de 19,78 + 1,72 Kg/m2 . O nível de força dos atletas foi classificado como intermediário. As categorias masculinas infantil e juvenil apresentaram maiores níveis significativos de força. O nível técnico dos atletas foi classificado como intermediário. As categorias masculinas infantil e juvenil apresentaram menores pontuações significativas da avaliação técnica, demonstrando melhor qualidade técnica. As categorias masculinas infantil e juvenil apresentaram menores tempos significativos de prova, demonstrando melhor desempenho. No gênero feminino não houve diferença significativa entre as categorias em nenhuma das variáveis. Nas categorias masculinas mais jovens, os melhores níveis de força foram relacionados aos melhores desempenhos, não havendo essa relação para o gênero feminino em nenhuma categoria. Na categoria infantil masculina, os níveis mais baixos de técnica se relacionaram com os desempenhos mais lentos, porém não houve correlação entre a melhor técnica e melhor desempenho em nenhuma categoria de ambos os sexos. Conclui-se que para as categorias de base masculinas de atletas federados de Fortaleza, a força parece ser a variável preponderante na aquisição de um melhor desempenho de nado.
Swimming is a sport that presents an increasingly early sports initiation, as there is a considerable increase in the number of children and adolescents involved in the training process. The technical training is fundamental in most sports modalities and an influencing factor of the sports performance, as well as the force, that generates the propulsive capacity of displacement in the water. The objective of this study was to verify the correlation of a better performance of 50 m of the crawl at full speed with the tied swimming power and with the index of errors in the swimming technique and in federated swimming athletes in the age group between 11 and 16 years of both genders from the city of Fortaleza. FCDA affiliated swimmers and competitively active swimmers participated for a minimum period of one year, aged between 11 and 16 years old. Data were collected through anthropometric evaluation, which included the measurement of body weight, body height, BMI and span; assessment of swim strength, through the protocol of swimming tied and measured by a dynamometer connected to the waist of the swimmer; the technical quality of the swim, measured by the swimmer's filming and identification of the technical errors presented, quantified according to the technical analysis instrument of Madureira (2008); and performance evaluation of the maximum speed crawl that was obtained by the best official result in competitions of the test of 50 m in the period of one year. The parametric data were presented as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM), using the Variance Analysis (ANOVA) tests followed by Tukey's test. Pearson correlation was used to verify correlation between the data groups. For all analyzes, p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. It were avaluated 48 athletes. The results showed that 73% (n = 35) of the athletes were males and 27% (n = 13) of females. The mean time of swimming practice was 48.82 + 27.67 and 38.86 + 25.94 months, respectively for boys and girls. The boys had mean height values of 1.66 ± 0.12 m; weight of 58.20 + 13.19 kg; wingspan of 1.74 + 0.14 m; percentile of BMI of 20.85 + 2.72 kg / m2. The girls presented mean height values of 1.59 ± 0.07 m; weight of 49.68 + 5.61 kg; wingspan of 1.65 + 0.08 m; percentile of the BMI of 19.78 + 1.72 kg / m2. The strength level of the athletes was classified as intermediate. The older male categories higher significant levels of strength. The technical level of the athletes was classified as intermediate. The older male categories presented lower significant scores of the technical evaluation, demonstrating better technical quality. The older male categories presented smaller significant test times, demonstrating better performance. In the female gender there was no significant difference between the categories in any of the variables. In the younger male categories, the best levels of strength were related to the best performances, and there was no relation for the female gender in any category. In the male infant category, the lowest levels of technique were related to the slower performances, but there was no correlation between the best technique and the best performance in any category of both sexes. It is concluded that for the male base categories of Fortaleza's federated athletes, strength seems to be the predominant variable in acquiring a better swimming performance.
Swimming is a sport that presents an increasingly early sports initiation, as there is a considerable increase in the number of children and adolescents involved in the training process. The technical training is fundamental in most sports modalities and an influencing factor of the sports performance, as well as the force, that generates the propulsive capacity of displacement in the water. The objective of this study was to verify the correlation of a better performance of 50 m of the crawl at full speed with the tied swimming power and with the index of errors in the swimming technique and in federated swimming athletes in the age group between 11 and 16 years of both genders from the city of Fortaleza. FCDA affiliated swimmers and competitively active swimmers participated for a minimum period of one year, aged between 11 and 16 years old. Data were collected through anthropometric evaluation, which included the measurement of body weight, body height, BMI and span; assessment of swim strength, through the protocol of swimming tied and measured by a dynamometer connected to the waist of the swimmer; the technical quality of the swim, measured by the swimmer's filming and identification of the technical errors presented, quantified according to the technical analysis instrument of Madureira (2008); and performance evaluation of the maximum speed crawl that was obtained by the best official result in competitions of the test of 50 m in the period of one year. The parametric data were presented as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM), using the Variance Analysis (ANOVA) tests followed by Tukey's test. Pearson correlation was used to verify correlation between the data groups. For all analyzes, p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. It were avaluated 48 athletes. The results showed that 73% (n = 35) of the athletes were males and 27% (n = 13) of females. The mean time of swimming practice was 48.82 + 27.67 and 38.86 + 25.94 months, respectively for boys and girls. The boys had mean height values of 1.66 ± 0.12 m; weight of 58.20 + 13.19 kg; wingspan of 1.74 + 0.14 m; percentile of BMI of 20.85 + 2.72 kg / m2. The girls presented mean height values of 1.59 ± 0.07 m; weight of 49.68 + 5.61 kg; wingspan of 1.65 + 0.08 m; percentile of the BMI of 19.78 + 1.72 kg / m2. The strength level of the athletes was classified as intermediate. The older male categories higher significant levels of strength. The technical level of the athletes was classified as intermediate. The older male categories presented lower significant scores of the technical evaluation, demonstrating better technical quality. The older male categories presented smaller significant test times, demonstrating better performance. In the female gender there was no significant difference between the categories in any of the variables. In the younger male categories, the best levels of strength were related to the best performances, and there was no relation for the female gender in any category. In the male infant category, the lowest levels of technique were related to the slower performances, but there was no correlation between the best technique and the best performance in any category of both sexes. It is concluded that for the male base categories of Fortaleza's federated athletes, strength seems to be the predominant variable in acquiring a better swimming performance.
Descrição
Mestrado em Educação Física e Desporto
Especialização em Desenvolvimento da Criança
Palavras-chave
Natação , Adolescente