Pré-obesidade e obesidade em adolescentes relação com hábitos alimentares, qualidade de vida e bem-estar psicológico
Data
2019-07-15
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Introdução: A obesidade foi considerada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) como a epidemia do século XXI, cuja prevalência tem vindo a aumentar em crianças e adolescentes em muitos países da Europa, incluindo Portugal. A elevada prevalência de obesidade na adolescência e as suas consequências físicas e psicossociais graves, transformaram a obesidade num dos maiores problemas contemporâneos de saúde pública. Problema que preocupa os enfermeiros, em particular os especialistas em enfermagem comunitária cuja intervenção privilegiada ao nível da prevenção deve ser reforçada, em particular na adolescência fase decisiva para a aquisição de hábitos saudáveis. Os hábitos alimentares inadequados e falta de atividade física são os principais fatores associados ao elevado índice de obesidade e que podem condicionar o bem-estar psicológico, autoestima e a qualidade de vida dos adolescentes. Objetivos: Estudar a relação entre a pré-obesidade e obesidade e os hábitos alimentares, qualidade de vida, autoestima, bem-estar psicológico, dos adolescentes de uma escola secundária do norte de Portugal, no ano letivo 2018/2019. Metodologia: Estudo de natureza quantitativa, transversal e descritivo-correlacional. Utilizou-se como instrumento de colheita de dados um questionário de autopreenchimento, constituído por questões sociodemográficas, as escalas QBEP, KIDSCREEN, Rosenberg e Escala de hábitos alimentares. Participaram no estudo 382 estudantes do ensino secundário cuja idade variou entre os 14 e os 18 anos de idade (M=16.28, DP=0.95), sendo 226 (59.2%) do sexo feminino e 156 (40.8%) do sexo masculino. Do total de adolescentes 156 (40.8%) frequentavam o 10º ano, 106 (27.7%) o 11º ano e 120 (31.4%) o 12º ano de escolaridade. Resultados: Verificou-se que 83.8% dos adolescentes tinham um peso adequado, 12.3% préobesidade e 1.0% obesidade. Os resultados evidenciaram que as variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, sexo, escolaridade dos pais e local de residência), bem-estar psicológico, autoestima e qualidade de vida dos adolescentes não variaram em função do percentil de IMC. Os adolescentes com pré-obesidade/obesidade relataram menor variedade alimentar. A quantidade, a qualidade e a adequação alimentar não se relacionaram com o percentil de IMC. Conclusões: Apesar da prevalência de pré-obesidade e obesidade ser reduzida nesta amostra de adolescentes é importante continuar a investir na promoção da saúde tendo os enfermeiros especialistas em enfermagem comunitária um papel muito importante no contexto escolar. O compromisso com a promoção da literacia para a saúde é fundamental para que os adolescentes adotem padrões alimentares baseados na dieta mediterrânica, nomeadamente aumentando a ingestão de frutas e hortaliças, diminuindo o consumo de açúcar e alimentos industrializados de forma a garantir um percentil adequado.
Introduction: Obesity was considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the 21st century epidemic, whose prevalence has been increasing in children and adolescents. The high prevalence of obesity in adolescence and its severe physical and psychosocial consequences have turned obesity into one of the major contemporary public health problems. This problem is of concern to nurses, in particular the community nursing experts whose intervention in prevention should be strengthened, especially during adolescence, a decisive phase in the acquisition of healthy habits. Poor eating habits and lack of physical activity are the main factors associated with the high rate of obesity and can affect the psychological well-being, self-esteem and quality of life of adolescents. Objectives: Study the relationship between pre-obesity and obesity and eating habits, quality of life and psychological well-being of adolescents from a secondary school in the north of Portugal in the 2018/2019 academic year. Methods: This is a quantitative, transversal and descriptive-correlational study. A selfcompletion questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument, consisting of sociodemographic questions, the scales QBEP, KIDSCREEN, Rosenberg and scale of eating habits. The study included 382 secondary school students whose ages ranged from 14 to 18 years of age (M = 16.28, SD = 0.95), of which 226 (59.2%) were female and 156 (40.8%) were male. Of the total number of adolescents, 156 (40.8%) were in the 10th grade, 106 (27.7%) were in the 11th grade and 120 (31.4%) were in the 12th grade. Results: Although the prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity is low in this sample of adolescents, it is important to continue investing in prevention, with nurses who are specialists in community nursing a very important role in schools. Commitment to promoting health literacy is essential for adolescents to adopt dietary patterns based on the Mediterranean diet, notably by increasing their intake of fruits and vegetables, reducing the consumption of sugar and processed foods in order to ensure an adequate percentile.
Introduction: Obesity was considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the 21st century epidemic, whose prevalence has been increasing in children and adolescents. The high prevalence of obesity in adolescence and its severe physical and psychosocial consequences have turned obesity into one of the major contemporary public health problems. This problem is of concern to nurses, in particular the community nursing experts whose intervention in prevention should be strengthened, especially during adolescence, a decisive phase in the acquisition of healthy habits. Poor eating habits and lack of physical activity are the main factors associated with the high rate of obesity and can affect the psychological well-being, self-esteem and quality of life of adolescents. Objectives: Study the relationship between pre-obesity and obesity and eating habits, quality of life and psychological well-being of adolescents from a secondary school in the north of Portugal in the 2018/2019 academic year. Methods: This is a quantitative, transversal and descriptive-correlational study. A selfcompletion questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument, consisting of sociodemographic questions, the scales QBEP, KIDSCREEN, Rosenberg and scale of eating habits. The study included 382 secondary school students whose ages ranged from 14 to 18 years of age (M = 16.28, SD = 0.95), of which 226 (59.2%) were female and 156 (40.8%) were male. Of the total number of adolescents, 156 (40.8%) were in the 10th grade, 106 (27.7%) were in the 11th grade and 120 (31.4%) were in the 12th grade. Results: Although the prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity is low in this sample of adolescents, it is important to continue investing in prevention, with nurses who are specialists in community nursing a very important role in schools. Commitment to promoting health literacy is essential for adolescents to adopt dietary patterns based on the Mediterranean diet, notably by increasing their intake of fruits and vegetables, reducing the consumption of sugar and processed foods in order to ensure an adequate percentile.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Enfermagem Comunitária
Palavras-chave
obesidade , pré-obesidade