Intervenção psicológica no luto infantil e juvenil: estudos de caso
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2019-08-08
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Tende-se a esconder a morte às crianças. No entanto, todos os dias existe a possibilidade de estas se confrontarem direta ou indiretamente com esta realidade no cenário da vida real. O silêncio sobre a morte gera na criança a ansiedade e angústia. Por isso é necessário educar e preparar as crianças para lidar com as questões da morte e do morrer. Neste estudo empírico, procurou-se compreender quais as vivências intrapsíquicas de uma criança que perdeu uma figura significativa, atendendo a representação cognitiva da morte. Desta forma, o estudo de caso incluiu uma criança do sexo masculino que perdeu a sua bisavó aos 5 anos de idade, encaminhado para o serviço de psicologia de uma associação desportiva do norte do país com 7 anos. As sessões decorreram de forma quinzenal, sendo que intervenção foi finalizada na décima quarta sessão. Para avaliação inicial e recolha de dados pertinentes para a condução da intervenção foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Desenho livre (Arfouilloux, 1980) ; Desenho de uma família (Font, 1978); Desenho da figura humana (Goodenough, 1964) ; Bag of feelings (Binney & Wright, 1997); Fábulas de Duss (Duss, 1997). A intervenção foi guiada pelos princípios Psicodinâmicos com recurso à Ludoterapia, que além de possibilitar o diagnóstico do processo de luto em que a criança se encontrava, também foi utilizada no tratamento psicoterapêutico. A análise dos dados obtidos foi orientada segundo uma abordagem qualitativa. O paciente demonstrou uma aquisição dos conceitos fundamentais para a representação cognitiva da morte, desbloqueando o processo de luto da sua bisavó, libertando-se dos conflitos internos relacionados com a sua perda.
There’s a tendency to hide death from children. However, every day there is the possibility that they will directly or indirectly face this reality in a real-life scenario. Silence about death generates anxiety and distress in the child. It is therefore necessary to educate and prepare children to deal with the issues of death and dying. In this empirical study, we tried to understand the intrapsychic experiences of a child who lost a significant figure, minding the cognitive representation of death. Thus, the case study included a male child who lost his great-grandmother at the age of five, that was referred to the psychology department of a northern sports association in the country, with seven years in activity. The sessions were held biweekly, and the intervention was completed in the fourteenth session. For the initial evaluation and collection of data pertinent to the intervention, the following instruments were used: Free drawing (Arfouilloux, 1980); Drawing of family (Font, 1978); Drawing of the human figure (Goodenough, 1964); Bag of feelings (Binney & Wright, 1997); Fables of Duss (Duss, 1997). The intervention was guided by the Psychodynamic principles with the use of Leisure ? therapy which, in addition to making possible the diagnosis of the mourning process in which the child was found, was also used in the psychotherapeutic treatment. The data analysis was oriented according to a qualitative approach. The patient demonstrated an acquisition of the fundamental concepts for the cognitive representation of death, unblocking his great-grandmother's mourning process, freeing himself from internal conflicts related to her loss.
There’s a tendency to hide death from children. However, every day there is the possibility that they will directly or indirectly face this reality in a real-life scenario. Silence about death generates anxiety and distress in the child. It is therefore necessary to educate and prepare children to deal with the issues of death and dying. In this empirical study, we tried to understand the intrapsychic experiences of a child who lost a significant figure, minding the cognitive representation of death. Thus, the case study included a male child who lost his great-grandmother at the age of five, that was referred to the psychology department of a northern sports association in the country, with seven years in activity. The sessions were held biweekly, and the intervention was completed in the fourteenth session. For the initial evaluation and collection of data pertinent to the intervention, the following instruments were used: Free drawing (Arfouilloux, 1980); Drawing of family (Font, 1978); Drawing of the human figure (Goodenough, 1964); Bag of feelings (Binney & Wright, 1997); Fables of Duss (Duss, 1997). The intervention was guided by the Psychodynamic principles with the use of Leisure ? therapy which, in addition to making possible the diagnosis of the mourning process in which the child was found, was also used in the psychotherapeutic treatment. The data analysis was oriented according to a qualitative approach. The patient demonstrated an acquisition of the fundamental concepts for the cognitive representation of death, unblocking his great-grandmother's mourning process, freeing himself from internal conflicts related to her loss.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
luto infantil , intervenção psicológica