Felicidade e resiliência familiar das famílias idosas de uma unidade de saúde familiar do Norte do País
Data
2019-11-28
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O presente relatório de estágio de natureza profissional documenta as atividades realizadas no âmbito da unidade curricular Dissertação/Trabalho de projeto/Estágio de natureza profissional do Mestrado em Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar. O estágio decorreu numa Unidade de Saúde Familiar do norte do país entre outubro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019. Pretendeu-se desenvolver as competências inerentes ao enfermeiro especialista em saúde familiar: cuidar da família como unidade de cuidados e de cada um dos seus membros, ao longo do ciclo vital e aos diferentes níveis de prevenção; colaborar nos processos de intervenção no âmbito da enfermagem de saúde familiar. O estágio revelou-se uma excelente oportunidade aprofundar conhecimentos sobre as famílias e formular intervenções de enfermagem adequados para e com as famílias, integrando os conhecimentos preconizados para a prática clínica de enfermagem de família. Foi também objetivo desenvolver um projeto de investigação com o objetivo de descrever a felicidade subjetiva e a resiliência em famílias idosas e sua relação com as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Utilizou-se metodologia quantitativa, sendo um estudo descritivo e analítico, e de corte transversal. A recolha de dados foi realizada por formulário, que incluiu a caracterização sociodemográfica, dados clínicos, escala de felicidade subjetiva e escala de perfil de resiliência familiar. Foram inquiridos 110 idosos, mais de metade com idades entre os 65 e 74 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino, casados e com ensino básico de escolaridade. Vivem em agregados maioritariamente compostos por dois elementos, sendo mais comuns as visitas diárias dos familiares. A maioria dos idosos padece de uma a três patologias, com predomínio da hipertensão arterial e hipertensão arterial associada a outras patologias, tomam um a quatro medicamentos por dia e não necessitam de ajuda na realização das atividades de vida diária. A maioria dos participantes referiu sentir-se feliz e também mais feliz quando comparado com os outros, gozando a vida apesar dos problemas, e também não se sentem menos felizes do que poderiam ser. Constatou-se baixo perfil de resiliência familiar para os questionários de mudanças familiares, flexibilidade familiar e suporte social familiar; alto perfil de resiliência familiar para o questionário de coerência familiar; e médio perfil de resiliência familiar para o questionário de envolvimento familiar. Quanto à relação entre a felicidade subjetiva e as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas verifica-se que os idosos solteiros, os que necessitam de ajuda para a realização das atividades da vida diária e os que apresentam 4 ou mais patologias, são os que se sentem mais felizes. Quanto à relação entre o perfil de resiliência familiar e as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas verifica-se que o perfil de resiliência familiar é mais elevado quanto o suporte social familiar para idosos sem visitas ou com visitas anuais. Idosos com 1 a 3 patologias têm perfil de resiliência familiar mais elevado quanto ao suporte social familiar. Idosos que referem ter outras patologias revelam melhor perfil de resiliência familiar quanto à flexibilidade familiar e o suporte social familiar, enquanto idosos com diabetes mellitus+hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus+hipertensão arterial+outras revelam perfil de resiliência familiar mais elevado quanto ao envolvimento familiar. Idosos que não tomam medicamentos têm perfil de resiliência familiar mais elevado quanto ao suporte social familiar. Verifica-se que, apesar da felicidade subjetiva ser referida pelos idosos, ainda há um longo caminho a percorrer no que se refere à resiliência, já que os resultados do perfil de resiliência familiar são maioritariamente baixos. Neste sentido o enfermeiro de família pode ajudar as famílias a mobilizarem os seus recursos pessoais, para que estas possam fazer face aos processos adaptativos inerentes ao envelhecimento.
The present report of professional internship documents the activities that were performed within the scope of the Dissertation / Project work / Professional internship program of Master’s degree of Familiar Health in Nursing. The internship took place in an USF on North of the country, between October 2018 and February 2019. Its aim was to develop the inherent competencies that the familiar health care specialist nurse should have, such as taking care of a family like it’s a care unit and of each of its members, during its vital cycle and on different stages of prevention; cooperate on procedures of intervention within the scope of family health care nursing. Another goal was also to implement a resource project, aiming to address subjective happiness and resilience on elderly families and its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical variables. The internship proved to be an excellent opportunity to know better families and formulate appropriate nurse interventions for and with families, integrating the recommended knowledge for the clinical practice of family nursing. Quantitative methodology was used, due to this being a descriptive and analytical, crosssectional study. The data was gathered in the form of a questionnaire, which included the sociodemographic characterization, clinical data, subjective happiness scale and profile of familiar resilience scale. A 110-elderly people were inquired, more than half with ages comprehended between 65 and 74 years old, with dominance of the feminine sex, married and with elementary school education. They live mainly in an two elements aggregate, where it is more common having daily visits from their family members. Most of this elderly people suffer from 1 of 3 pathologies, with dominance of arterial hypertension and arterial hypertension associated to other pathologies, they take between 1 to 4 medicines per day and don’t need the help of daily life activities. Most of the inquiries referred that they feel happy and are even happier when compared to others, enjoying their lives, despite their illnesses, and they also don’t feel less happy of what they could be. It was found a low profile of familiar resilience towards the questions of familiar changes, familiar flexibility and familiar social support; a high profile of familiar resilience towards the questions of familiar coherence; a medium profile of familiar resilience towards the questions of familiar involvement. As for the relationship between subjective happiness, sociodemographic and clinical variables, it was observed that unmarried elderly, the ones who need help to carry out the activities of daily living and those who have 4 or more pathologies, are the ones who felt happier. Regarding the relationship between the family resilience profile and the sociodemographic and clinical variables, it was verified that family resilience profile is higher for the family social support for the elderly without visits or with annual visits. Older people with 1 to 3 pathologies have higher family resilience profile, regarding family social support. Elderly individuals who report other pathologies show a better family resilience profile regarding family flexibility and family social support. As for older adults with diabetes mellitus + hypertension and diabetes mellitus + hypertension + others, they have a higher family resilience profile regarding family involvement. Elderly who do not take medications show a higher family resilience profile than family support. It is verified that, although the subjective happiness of elderly people, there is still a long way to go in what comes to resilience, once the results on the profile of familiar resilience are mainly low. In this aspect the family nurse can help families mobilize their personal resources, so that they can face adaptive processes inherent to aging.
The present report of professional internship documents the activities that were performed within the scope of the Dissertation / Project work / Professional internship program of Master’s degree of Familiar Health in Nursing. The internship took place in an USF on North of the country, between October 2018 and February 2019. Its aim was to develop the inherent competencies that the familiar health care specialist nurse should have, such as taking care of a family like it’s a care unit and of each of its members, during its vital cycle and on different stages of prevention; cooperate on procedures of intervention within the scope of family health care nursing. Another goal was also to implement a resource project, aiming to address subjective happiness and resilience on elderly families and its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical variables. The internship proved to be an excellent opportunity to know better families and formulate appropriate nurse interventions for and with families, integrating the recommended knowledge for the clinical practice of family nursing. Quantitative methodology was used, due to this being a descriptive and analytical, crosssectional study. The data was gathered in the form of a questionnaire, which included the sociodemographic characterization, clinical data, subjective happiness scale and profile of familiar resilience scale. A 110-elderly people were inquired, more than half with ages comprehended between 65 and 74 years old, with dominance of the feminine sex, married and with elementary school education. They live mainly in an two elements aggregate, where it is more common having daily visits from their family members. Most of this elderly people suffer from 1 of 3 pathologies, with dominance of arterial hypertension and arterial hypertension associated to other pathologies, they take between 1 to 4 medicines per day and don’t need the help of daily life activities. Most of the inquiries referred that they feel happy and are even happier when compared to others, enjoying their lives, despite their illnesses, and they also don’t feel less happy of what they could be. It was found a low profile of familiar resilience towards the questions of familiar changes, familiar flexibility and familiar social support; a high profile of familiar resilience towards the questions of familiar coherence; a medium profile of familiar resilience towards the questions of familiar involvement. As for the relationship between subjective happiness, sociodemographic and clinical variables, it was observed that unmarried elderly, the ones who need help to carry out the activities of daily living and those who have 4 or more pathologies, are the ones who felt happier. Regarding the relationship between the family resilience profile and the sociodemographic and clinical variables, it was verified that family resilience profile is higher for the family social support for the elderly without visits or with annual visits. Older people with 1 to 3 pathologies have higher family resilience profile, regarding family social support. Elderly individuals who report other pathologies show a better family resilience profile regarding family flexibility and family social support. As for older adults with diabetes mellitus + hypertension and diabetes mellitus + hypertension + others, they have a higher family resilience profile regarding family involvement. Elderly who do not take medications show a higher family resilience profile than family support. It is verified that, although the subjective happiness of elderly people, there is still a long way to go in what comes to resilience, once the results on the profile of familiar resilience are mainly low. In this aspect the family nurse can help families mobilize their personal resources, so that they can face adaptive processes inherent to aging.
Descrição
Relatório de Estágio de Natureza Profissional
Mestrado em Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar
Palavras-chave
Felicidade , resiliência