Medicina e patologia de animais exóticos: estase gastrointestinal em coelhos de companhia
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2020-01-30
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A estase gastrointestinal caracteriza-se por uma diminuição ou ausência de output fecal, anorexia, desconforto ou dor abdominal e apatia. Os sinais clínicos em conjunto com as imagens radiográficas de dilatação gástrica, intestinal e/ou cecal são sugestivos de estase gastrointestinal Esta doença tem uma taxa de prevalência estimada em cerca de 25% nos coelhos de companhia, Oryctolagus cuniculus. O presente trabalho foi realizado no âmbito do Estágio Curricular do curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, e decorreu durante os meses de Agosto de 2017 a Fevereiro 2018 na Clinica Veterinaria Exotics, em Barcelona. Durante este período foram observados animais pertencentes a diferentes espécies, sendo a mais comum da classe Mammalia o coelho doméstico. De entre os coelhos acompanhados na clínica foram seleccionados dez animais (duas fêmeas e oito machos), com idades compreendidas entre um mês e meio e sete anos, de diferentes raças. Todos os animais apresentavam sinais clínicos de estase gastrointestinal. Neste trabalho, procedeu-se a uma caracterização e análise dos casos observados, para determinar os diversos factores envolvidos no desenvolver da doença e assim esclarecer a sua etiopatogenia. Foi possível constatar que a etiologia é multifactorial, passando por incorrecto maneio alimentar, presença de dor e deficiente estado da dentição, entre outras. Os meios complementares de diagnóstico constituíram uma ferramenta essencial, sendo a radiografia o mais comummente adoptado e também o mais facilmente aceite pelos detentores dos animais. Como em muitas outras doenças, uma actuação rápida e atempada é fundamental para uma terapêutica adequada e um prognóstico favorável, sendo imprescindível que se averigúe previamente se existe uma obstrução intestinal. A promoção do exercício físico e a diminuição do stress envolvente são alguns dos factores que contribuem igualmente para uma evolução positiva da estase gastrointestinal nesta espécie. Tal como noutros distúrbios, é essencial uma profilaxia adequada, pelo que a informação dos detentores sobre as necessidas dietéticas e aspectos comportamentais do seu animal constituem uma ferramenta essencial que não deve ser subestimada.
Gastrointestinal stasis is characterized by a decrease or absence of the fecal output, anorexia, abdominal pain and apathy. The clinical signs, together with the radiogaphic images of gastric, intestinal or caecal bloat, are suggestive of gastrointestinal stasis. This disease is reported to have an estimated prevalence of 25% in pet rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus. During the practical part of the Curricular Internship of the Integrated Master Course in Veterinary Medicine, carried out at the Cinica Veterinaria Exotics (Barcelona) from August 2017 to February 2018, animals of different species were followed, being the rabbit the most common one of the Mammalia class. The cases described in this work pertain to 10 rabbits, two females and eight males, aged between one and a half to seven years, belonging to different races. All the animals showed clinical signs of gastrointestinal stasis. In this present work, a characterization and analysis of the observed cases was performed to determine the various factors involved in the development of gastrointestinal stasis in order to clarify its etiopathogenesis. In the cases under study, the etiology was multi-factorial, including poor dietary management, pain, and poor teething, among others. Complementary diagnostic exams were an essential tool, with radiography being the most commonly adopted and the most easily accepted by the animal’s keepers. As with many other diseases, prompt and timely action is critical for proper therapy and favorable prognosis, and the establishment of appropriate treatment requires first the elimination of possible intestinal obstruction. Stimulating exercise and reducing surrounding stress are also some of the factors that contribute to the positive evolution of the gastrointestinal stasis in this species. As with other disorders, proper prophylaxis is essential, as it is keeping the keepers informed about their pet's dietary needs and natural behavior, an aspect that should not be underestimated.
Gastrointestinal stasis is characterized by a decrease or absence of the fecal output, anorexia, abdominal pain and apathy. The clinical signs, together with the radiogaphic images of gastric, intestinal or caecal bloat, are suggestive of gastrointestinal stasis. This disease is reported to have an estimated prevalence of 25% in pet rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus. During the practical part of the Curricular Internship of the Integrated Master Course in Veterinary Medicine, carried out at the Cinica Veterinaria Exotics (Barcelona) from August 2017 to February 2018, animals of different species were followed, being the rabbit the most common one of the Mammalia class. The cases described in this work pertain to 10 rabbits, two females and eight males, aged between one and a half to seven years, belonging to different races. All the animals showed clinical signs of gastrointestinal stasis. In this present work, a characterization and analysis of the observed cases was performed to determine the various factors involved in the development of gastrointestinal stasis in order to clarify its etiopathogenesis. In the cases under study, the etiology was multi-factorial, including poor dietary management, pain, and poor teething, among others. Complementary diagnostic exams were an essential tool, with radiography being the most commonly adopted and the most easily accepted by the animal’s keepers. As with many other diseases, prompt and timely action is critical for proper therapy and favorable prognosis, and the establishment of appropriate treatment requires first the elimination of possible intestinal obstruction. Stimulating exercise and reducing surrounding stress are also some of the factors that contribute to the positive evolution of the gastrointestinal stasis in this species. As with other disorders, proper prophylaxis is essential, as it is keeping the keepers informed about their pet's dietary needs and natural behavior, an aspect that should not be underestimated.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
coelho , Oryctolagus cuniculus