Utilização de microdietas encapsuladas na alimentação de néons (Hyphessobrycon innesi). Efeitos no crescimento, sobrevivência e pigmentação
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2020-03-10
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A aquacultura de espécies ornamentais é um importante subsector da aquacultura, no qual a comercialização de néon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) se destaca.
A nutrição e maneio alimentar são fatores importantes para a produção e manutenção de espécies ornamentais. No entanto, esta área do conhecimento deriva da extrapolação das necessidades nutricionais dos peixes produzidos para consumo humano, existindo pouca informação sobre as necessidades nutricionais para espécies de ornamento. Existe, portanto, a necessidade de realizar estudos focados em conhecer as necessidades nutricionais destas espécies de forma a estabelecer dietas e protocolos de alimentação adequados.
Neste estudo foi avaliado o efeito da utilização de dietas ricas em biomassas naturais no crescimento e pigmentação de juvenis de néon tetra. Para o efeito constituíram-se 18 grupos homogéneos de 80 peixes que foram divididos, de forma aleatória, por 18 aquários de vidro. A partir de uma matriz comum foram formuladas 6 dietas experimentais (CTRL, ORNA 1, ORNA 2, ORNA 3, ORNA 4 e ORNA 5), diferindo a composição das mesmas devido aos diferentes níveis de incorporação de biomassas naturais (krill, copépodes, microalgas e farinha de insetos) por substituição equivalente de subprodutos marinhos (concentrado de peixe e lula). O alimento foi fornecido, manualmente, duas vezes por dia e os peixes foram alimentados até a saciedade visual aparente durante os 77 dias de duração do ensaio. No final da experiência, foram avaliados diversos parâmetros, tais como a performance do crescimento, a eficiência alimentar, as taxas de sobrevivência e de deformação, e os níveis de pigmentação ao nível da pele.
Todas as dietas experimentais deram origem a níveis elevados de crescimento. Porém, é de referir que a dieta ORNA 2 levou a melhores desempenhos ao nível do crescimento, eficiência alimentar, sobrevivência e índice corporal.
A partir dos resultados obtidos, verifica-se que as fontes de biomassa utilizadas, com destaque para a farinha de copépodes, constituem boas alternativas às fontes proteicas tradicionais, ficando a descoberto a possibilidade da formulação de dietas mais eficientes para esta espécie ornamental.
Ornamental fish aquaculture is an important subsector of aquaculture, in which the commercialization of neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) stands out. Nutrition and feed management are important factors for the production an maintenance of ornamental species. However, this area of knowledge comes from the extrapolation of the nutritional needs of fish produced for human consumption, with little or no information on the needs for ornamental species. Therefore, there is a need to carry out studies focused on understanding the nutritional needs of these species in order to establish adequate diets and feeding protocols. In this study, was evaluated the effect of using diets rich in natural biomass on growth and pigmentation in young neon tetra. For this purpose, 18 homogeneous groups of 80 fish were randomly divided into 18 glass aquariums. From a common matrix, 6 experiments diets were formulated (CTRL, ORNA 1, ORNA 2, ORNA 3, ORNA 4 and ORNA 5), which differed in composition due to the different levels of incorporation of natural biomass (krill, copepods, microalgae and insect meal) by equivalent substitution of marine by-products (fish and squid meals). The food was provided manually twice a day and the fish were fed to an apparent visual satiety during the 77 days of the trial. At the end of the experiment, several parameters were evaluated, such as growth performance, feed efficiency, body index, survival and deformation rates, also as skin pigmentation levels. All experimental diets resulted in high levels of growth. However, it should be noted that the ORNA 2 diet led to better performance in terms of growth, food efficiency, survival and body index. From the results obtained, it can be observed that the biomass sources used, especially the copepod meal, are good alternatives to traditional protein sources. Therefore, this alternative protein source can be used to formulate diets for ornamental fish.
Ornamental fish aquaculture is an important subsector of aquaculture, in which the commercialization of neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) stands out. Nutrition and feed management are important factors for the production an maintenance of ornamental species. However, this area of knowledge comes from the extrapolation of the nutritional needs of fish produced for human consumption, with little or no information on the needs for ornamental species. Therefore, there is a need to carry out studies focused on understanding the nutritional needs of these species in order to establish adequate diets and feeding protocols. In this study, was evaluated the effect of using diets rich in natural biomass on growth and pigmentation in young neon tetra. For this purpose, 18 homogeneous groups of 80 fish were randomly divided into 18 glass aquariums. From a common matrix, 6 experiments diets were formulated (CTRL, ORNA 1, ORNA 2, ORNA 3, ORNA 4 and ORNA 5), which differed in composition due to the different levels of incorporation of natural biomass (krill, copepods, microalgae and insect meal) by equivalent substitution of marine by-products (fish and squid meals). The food was provided manually twice a day and the fish were fed to an apparent visual satiety during the 77 days of the trial. At the end of the experiment, several parameters were evaluated, such as growth performance, feed efficiency, body index, survival and deformation rates, also as skin pigmentation levels. All experimental diets resulted in high levels of growth. However, it should be noted that the ORNA 2 diet led to better performance in terms of growth, food efficiency, survival and body index. From the results obtained, it can be observed that the biomass sources used, especially the copepod meal, are good alternatives to traditional protein sources. Therefore, this alternative protein source can be used to formulate diets for ornamental fish.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica
Palavras-chave
Paracheirodon innesi , néon tetra