Avaliação das causas e dos custos de morte e refugo (em todas as idades) numa exploração de caprinos de leite.
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2020-01-10
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A existência de raças caprinas melhoradas para a produção de leite tornou possível a realidade da exploração caprina intensiva em regime de estabulação permanente. A incidência de problemas tem aumentado com esta intensificação do sistema, visto que as altas produções implicam maiores cuidados em termos de maneio, que se não forem devidamente acautelados podem originar diversos problemas para as explorações. Contudo, o diagnóstico sistemático permite o conhecimento da ocorrência e epidemiologia das doenças, o que é imprescindível para estabelecer medidas convenientes de controlo e profilaxia. Por outro lado, para uma melhor gestão de uma exploração caprina é importante ter em atenção o bem-estar dos animais, uma vez que este pode ser o principal causador de mortes e assim aumentar os prejuízos. Por conseguinte, este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação das causas e dos custos de morte e/ou refugo (em todas as idades) numa exploração de caprinos de leite. Para este efeito, foram aplicadas metodologias que envolveram a observação de um efetivo caprino, durante um período de seis meses.Como resultados destacamos o facto de, numa forma geral haver diferenças significativas. Nos cabritos observamos que aqueles que apresentam Pasteurella e doença do sistema nervoso morrem com pesos e idades superiores aos das outras doenças. Em média os com Pasteurella apresentam 11,36 kg e 73,20 dias e os com doença do sistema nervoso 6,10 kg e 30,00 dias. Nos animais adultos, verificamos que aqueles que morrem devido a acidose (3,25 anos em média), toxémia de gestação (3 anos em média) e meningite (3 anos em média) apresentam idades superiores aos que morreram devido às outras doenças. No que diz respeito ao número de partos, verificamos que a maioria das fêmeas morrem com meningite, toxémia de gestação e com outras doenças desconhecidas ao fim do quarto parto. Quanto ao intervalo do parto à sua morte, analisamos que as fêmeas com pneumonia, doença desconhecida, acidose e meningite atingem intervalos superiores quando comparadas com as outras doenças. A pneumonia apresenta em termos médios intervalo de 43,75 dias, doença desconhecida de 26,00 dias, acidose de 21,00 dias e meningite de15,50 dias.
The presence of improved goat breeds for milk production has become possible in the reality of intensive goat exploitation under permanent stabilization regime. The incidence of problems has increased with this intensification of the system, which is seen as high yields implying more excellent care in terms of management, which are not the main ones considered activated can cause several problems for farms. However, systematic diagnosis allows the knowledge of the occurrence and epidemiology of diseases, which is essential to establish convenient control and prophylaxis measures. On the other hand, for better management of a goat farm, it is essence to pay attention to the welfare of the animals, as it can be the main cause of death and thus increase the damage. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the causes and costs of death and refuse (at all ages) on a dairy goat farm. For this purpose, methodologies involving the observation of a goat herd over a period of six months were applied. As a result, we highlight the fact that in general, there are significant differences. In the goats, we observed that those with Pasteurella and nervous system disease die with weights and ages higher than those of other diseases. On average, those with Pasteurella have 11.36 kg and 73.20 days and those with nervous system disease 6.10 kg and 30.00 days. In adult animals, we found that those who die from acidosis (3.25 years on average), gestational toxaemia (3 years on average) and meningitis (3 years on average) are older than those who died from other diseases. Regarding the number of births, we found that most females die with meningitis, pregnancy toxaemia and other unknown illness at the end of the fourth birth. As for the interval from birth to death, we analysed that females with pneumonia, unknown illness, acidosis and meningitis reach longer intervals when compared to other diseases. Pneumonia has mean intervals of 43.75 days, unknown disease of 26.00 days, acidosis of 21.00 days and meningitis of 15.50 days.
The presence of improved goat breeds for milk production has become possible in the reality of intensive goat exploitation under permanent stabilization regime. The incidence of problems has increased with this intensification of the system, which is seen as high yields implying more excellent care in terms of management, which are not the main ones considered activated can cause several problems for farms. However, systematic diagnosis allows the knowledge of the occurrence and epidemiology of diseases, which is essential to establish convenient control and prophylaxis measures. On the other hand, for better management of a goat farm, it is essence to pay attention to the welfare of the animals, as it can be the main cause of death and thus increase the damage. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the causes and costs of death and refuse (at all ages) on a dairy goat farm. For this purpose, methodologies involving the observation of a goat herd over a period of six months were applied. As a result, we highlight the fact that in general, there are significant differences. In the goats, we observed that those with Pasteurella and nervous system disease die with weights and ages higher than those of other diseases. On average, those with Pasteurella have 11.36 kg and 73.20 days and those with nervous system disease 6.10 kg and 30.00 days. In adult animals, we found that those who die from acidosis (3.25 years on average), gestational toxaemia (3 years on average) and meningitis (3 years on average) are older than those who died from other diseases. Regarding the number of births, we found that most females die with meningitis, pregnancy toxaemia and other unknown illness at the end of the fourth birth. As for the interval from birth to death, we analysed that females with pneumonia, unknown illness, acidosis and meningitis reach longer intervals when compared to other diseases. Pneumonia has mean intervals of 43.75 days, unknown disease of 26.00 days, acidosis of 21.00 days and meningitis of 15.50 days.
Descrição
Relatório de Estágio de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica
Palavras-chave
Intensificação , leite