Resíduos em Portugal: Contribuição para a compreensão dos fluxos de resíduos e materiais de fileiras industriais em Portugal, uma abordagem de Ecologia Industrial
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Data
2007
Autores
Claro, João Carlos Almeida Ribeiro
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Resumo
Este trabalho tem como objectivo principal constituir-se numa contribuição para a redução, valorização e tratamento de resíduos de sectores industriais em Portugal numa abordagem de Ecologia Industrial. Com base nesta abordagem avalia-se a possibilidade de estabelecer redes empresariais integradas, dentro de uma ou mais fileiras, identificando novos fluxos de materiais e energia que permitam evoluir de unidades isoladas para sistemas de empresas. Desta forma, a partir da análise dos resíduos e respectivos fluxos de materiais, pretende contribuir-se para o aumento do conhecimento, cientificamente fundamentado, sobre as relações entre a indústria e o ambiente, e como poderão gerar-se sinergias para a promoção de soluções de problemas ambientais, numa base económica e em actuação responsável. Pretende-se assim, uma visão integradora sobre esta problemática no sentido de contribuir para a implementação da eco-eficiência e do desenvolvimento eco-industrial.
O domínio de estudo deste trabalho foi centrado espacialmente no distrito de Aveiro e incluiu cinco sectores de actividade - Cortiça, Calçado, Metais, Madeira e Cerâmica - seleccionados como os mais importantes naquela área geográfica.
O estabelecimento dos fluxos de materiais, com ênfase nos resíduos, para os sectores em estudo, veio revelar uma “rede primária” e uma “rede secundária” de produção de resíduos e evidenciou produções elevadas de resíduos que se traduzem em perdas importantes de matéria-prima de sectores estratégicos da economia nacional. Com base nos resultados desta análise de fluxos de materiais e numa investigação direccionada para a valorização dos resíduos industriais, aumento de produtividade e cumprimento da legislação na área do ambiente, foram propostas quatro novas soluções tecnológicas. Estas soluções deram origem a quatro patentes nacionais das quais duas foram posteriormente registadas como patentes mundiais ou internacionais e uma como patente europeia. Uma reflexão sobre o conceito e a definição de resíduo, a análise dos dados baseados nos mapas de resíduos (nomeadamente quanto às quantidades de resíduos valorizadas e eliminadas) e na Lista Europeia de Resíduos, sustentaram a proposta de um novo método de classificação de resíduos industriais: o Método Claro-Valente-Pires ou Método CVP.
The main objective of this work is to provide a significant contribution to the reduction, valorization or recovery, and treatment of residues from Portuguese industrial sectors, within an Industrial Ecology approach. Based on this approach, the possibility of establishing integrated networks of enterprises, within one or more industrial sectors, is evaluated. The identification of new flows of materials and energy will allow the evolution from isolated units to enterprises’ networks. In this way, from the analysis of the wastes and their corresponding flows of materials, it is intended to contribute – on a scientific basis - to the acquired knowledge on the relations between Industry and Environment and on the ways to generate synergies that promote solutions for environmental problems, on both the economical basis and responsible action. This will contribute to an integrated vision over the problems, thus contributing to eco-efficiency implementation and eco-industrial development. The domain of this work was geographically cantered in the Aveiro district and includes five industrial sectors – Cork, Shoes, Metals, Wood, and Ceramics – selected as the most relevant in that area. The analysis of the materials’ flows, with emphasis on the wastes, for the sectors under study, revealed a “primary net” and a “secondary net” for the production of wastes and put on evidence high production of wastes, which result on important losses of prime materials in the strategic sectors of national economy. Based on the results of this materials’ flows analysis and in the research directed to (i) the recovery of industrial wastes, (ii) increase of productivity, and (iii) fulfillment of environmental legislation, four new technological solutions are proposed. These solutions yielded four national patents, two of which were afterwards converted to international patents and one converted to European patent. A reflexion on the concept and definition of waste, the data analysis based on residues mapping (namely, in what concerns the amounts of wastes that are produced and recovered) and on the European Residues List give rise to the proposal of a new methodology for the classification of industrial residues: the Claro-Valente-Pires Method or CVP Method.
The main objective of this work is to provide a significant contribution to the reduction, valorization or recovery, and treatment of residues from Portuguese industrial sectors, within an Industrial Ecology approach. Based on this approach, the possibility of establishing integrated networks of enterprises, within one or more industrial sectors, is evaluated. The identification of new flows of materials and energy will allow the evolution from isolated units to enterprises’ networks. In this way, from the analysis of the wastes and their corresponding flows of materials, it is intended to contribute – on a scientific basis - to the acquired knowledge on the relations between Industry and Environment and on the ways to generate synergies that promote solutions for environmental problems, on both the economical basis and responsible action. This will contribute to an integrated vision over the problems, thus contributing to eco-efficiency implementation and eco-industrial development. The domain of this work was geographically cantered in the Aveiro district and includes five industrial sectors – Cork, Shoes, Metals, Wood, and Ceramics – selected as the most relevant in that area. The analysis of the materials’ flows, with emphasis on the wastes, for the sectors under study, revealed a “primary net” and a “secondary net” for the production of wastes and put on evidence high production of wastes, which result on important losses of prime materials in the strategic sectors of national economy. Based on the results of this materials’ flows analysis and in the research directed to (i) the recovery of industrial wastes, (ii) increase of productivity, and (iii) fulfillment of environmental legislation, four new technological solutions are proposed. These solutions yielded four national patents, two of which were afterwards converted to international patents and one converted to European patent. A reflexion on the concept and definition of waste, the data analysis based on residues mapping (namely, in what concerns the amounts of wastes that are produced and recovered) and on the European Residues List give rise to the proposal of a new methodology for the classification of industrial residues: the Claro-Valente-Pires Method or CVP Method.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção de grau de Doutor em Química
Palavras-chave
Gestão de resíduos , Gestão ambiental , Ecologia industrial , Resíduos industriais