Monitoramento da carga de treinamento na ginástica rítmica: atletas do programa atleta cidadão da cidade de São José dos Campos, SP - Brasil
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2022-10-12
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O objetivo desse estudo foi monitorar o treinamento de ginastas praticantes de ginástica rítmica de diferentes níveis competitivos e escalões de idade (desempenho físico, carga interna de treino, estado de recuperação e stress recuperação e correlacionar o desempenho físico, carga de treino e estado de recuperação). Participaram 29 atletas do Programa Atleta Cidadão da Secretaria de Esporte e Qualidade de Vida da Prefeitura de São José dos Campos – São Paulo – Brasil. As atletas foram divididas em quatro grupos, conforme a faixa etária; GrA – 8 à 10 anos, nomeadas como pré-infantil sendo 08 atletas; GrB – 10 à 12 anos, nomeadas como infantil sendo 07 atletas, GrC – 12 à 15 anos, nomeadas como juvenil, sendo 08 atletas e Gr D – 16 à 18 anos, nomeadas como adulto, sendo 06 atletas. Para a caracterização da amostra avaliamos a massa corporal e estatura, o Índice de Massa Corporal, assim como a maturação biológica (escala de Tanner). A pesquisa teve duração de 4 semanas, iniciando imediatamente após o retorno aos treinos pós-pandemia. Durante esse período foram elaboradas as coreografias, houve uma apresentação das mesmas e a disputa do Campeonato Estadual da Federação Paulista de Ginástica Rítmica e Copa São Paulo da Federação Paulista de Ginástica Rítmica. O tratamento de dados e análise estatística foi efetuado por meio do SPSS® versão 27. Como variáveis inferenciais, para avaliação do desempenho físico recorremos ao hop test e salto com contramovimento, na análise de comparação da semana 1 e da semana 4 houve diferença significativa na altura do salto (25,34 ± 2,58 e 24,71 ± 2,58) no GrA para menos, na impulsão horizontal direita (126,46 ± 10,61 e 133,46 ± 11,09), impulsão horizontal esquerda (125,00 ± 10,32 e 134,29 ± 12,58) e na altura do salto (25,94 ± 3,41 e 27,81 ± 3.15) ocorreu no GrB e no GrC apenas na impulsão horizontal direita (139,50 ± 17,89 e 145,85 ± 19,11). Para a classificação da carga interna de treino, avaliamos a Percepção Subjetiva de Esforço, monotonia e o strain, tendo como diferença significativa no strain o GrA (10253 ± 11604 e 15946 ± 8481) na semana 1 e semana 4. Para analisar o estado de recuperação, avaliamos o TQR e obtivemos a média da TQR de todas as sessões de 16,92 ± 2,10 (acima de “muito bem recuperado”). O GrA foi o que apresentou as médias mais altas nas semanas 1 e 4 (18,90 ± 1,09 e 19,25 ± 0,23) respetivamente (extremamente bem recuperado) e o GrB com as médias mais baixas (15,53 ± 2,54) na semana 1 e (14,62 ± 2,69) na semana 4. Para analisar o stress recuperação foi utilizado o RESTQ-Sport onde o questionário foi dividido em 19 escalas e realizado na semana 1. Nas escalas de Estresse Geral, o GrC apresentou os valores considerados “moderados”; nas escalas de Recuperação Geral, o GrA apresentou os valores considerados “altos; nas escalas de Estresse no Esporte o GrA teve valores considerados “baixos” e na escala de Recuperação Específica o GrA obteve os valores considerados “altos”. Na correlação entre desempenho físico, carga interna de treino e recuperação, as variáveis de desempenho físico foram associadas à CTD de forma moderada. Entre a impulsão direita, a impulsão esquerda, a altura do salto e a monotonia a associação foi muito fraca e em relação ao strain foi fraca. Quanto ao desempenho físico e a TQR a associação foi muito forte apenas na impulsão horizontal direita. Concluímos que o monitoramento da carga de treinamento em todos os períodos de treinamento é essencial para uma adequação às cargas externas, utilizando equipamentos simples, de baixo custo, de fácil aplicabilidade, com confiabilidade e fidedignidade, auxiliando as comissões técnicas.
The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the internal training load throughout the season, recovery status and physical performance of Rhythmic Gymnastics athletes. Twenty-nine athletes from the Athlete Citizen Program of the Department of Sport and Quality of Life of the Municipality of São José dos Campos – São Paulo – Brazil participated in this study. The athletes were divided into four groups, according to age; GrA – 8 to 10 years old, nominated as pre-child, with 08 athletes; GrB – 10 to 12 years old, named as children, being 07 athletes, GrC – 12 to 15 years old, named as juvenile, being 08 athletes and Gr D – 16 to 18 years old, named as adult, being 06 athletes. Body mass and height were measured for physical performance: Hop test and Jump Counter Movement. Biological maturation was evaluated using the Tanner scale. The research lasted 4 weeks, after the return to post-pandemic training. During this period the choreographies were elaborated, there was a presentation of them and the dispute of the State Championship of the São Paulo Federation of Rhythmic Gymnastics and the São Paulo Cup of the São Paulo Federation of Rhythmic Gymnastics. Athletes were re-evaluated after 4 weeks. Data processing and statistical analysis using SPSS version 27. As inferential variables, for the evaluation of physical performance we used the hop test and jump with countermovement, in the comparison analysis of week 1 and week 4 there was a significant difference in the height of the jump (25.34 ± 2.58 and 24.71 ± 2.58) in GrA for less, in the right horizontal jump (126.46 ± 10.61 and 133.46 ± 11.09), left horizontal jump (125.00 ± 10.32 and 134.29 ± 12.58) and in the height of the jump 25.94 ± 3.41 and 27.81 ± 3.15 occurred in GrB and GrC only in the right horizontal impulsion (139.50 ± 17.89 and 145.85 ± 19.11). For the classification of internal training load, we evaluated RPE, monotony and strain, with the significant difference in strain, GrA (10253 ± 11604 and 15946 ± 8481) at week 1 and week 4. To analyze the state of recovery, we assessed the TQR and obtained the average TQR of all sessions of 16.92 ± 2.10 (above very well recovered). GrA presented the highest means in weeks 1 and 4 (18.90 ± 1.09 and 19.25 ± 0.23) respectively (extremely well recovered) and GrB with the lowest means (15.53 ± 2.54) in week 1 and (14.62 2.69) in week 4. To analyze the recovered stress, the RESTQ-Sport was used, where the was distributed in 19 scales and performed in week 1. In the General Stress scales, the GrC presented values considered “moderate”; in the General Recovery scales, the GrA presented the values considered “high; in the Sport Stress scales GrA had values considered “low” and in the Specific Recovery scale GrA had values considered “high”. In the comparison between physical performance, internal training load and performance, as a variable physical performance were moderately associated with CTD. Between the right impulsion, the left impulsion, the jump jump and the monotony a was very weak and in relation to the strain it was weak. As for physical performance and TQR, the association was very strong only in the right horizontal jump. We conclude that training load training in all training periods is essential for a team of simple and easy-to-use equipment, using low cost, applicability, with auxiliary reliability such as technical commissions.
The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the internal training load throughout the season, recovery status and physical performance of Rhythmic Gymnastics athletes. Twenty-nine athletes from the Athlete Citizen Program of the Department of Sport and Quality of Life of the Municipality of São José dos Campos – São Paulo – Brazil participated in this study. The athletes were divided into four groups, according to age; GrA – 8 to 10 years old, nominated as pre-child, with 08 athletes; GrB – 10 to 12 years old, named as children, being 07 athletes, GrC – 12 to 15 years old, named as juvenile, being 08 athletes and Gr D – 16 to 18 years old, named as adult, being 06 athletes. Body mass and height were measured for physical performance: Hop test and Jump Counter Movement. Biological maturation was evaluated using the Tanner scale. The research lasted 4 weeks, after the return to post-pandemic training. During this period the choreographies were elaborated, there was a presentation of them and the dispute of the State Championship of the São Paulo Federation of Rhythmic Gymnastics and the São Paulo Cup of the São Paulo Federation of Rhythmic Gymnastics. Athletes were re-evaluated after 4 weeks. Data processing and statistical analysis using SPSS version 27. As inferential variables, for the evaluation of physical performance we used the hop test and jump with countermovement, in the comparison analysis of week 1 and week 4 there was a significant difference in the height of the jump (25.34 ± 2.58 and 24.71 ± 2.58) in GrA for less, in the right horizontal jump (126.46 ± 10.61 and 133.46 ± 11.09), left horizontal jump (125.00 ± 10.32 and 134.29 ± 12.58) and in the height of the jump 25.94 ± 3.41 and 27.81 ± 3.15 occurred in GrB and GrC only in the right horizontal impulsion (139.50 ± 17.89 and 145.85 ± 19.11). For the classification of internal training load, we evaluated RPE, monotony and strain, with the significant difference in strain, GrA (10253 ± 11604 and 15946 ± 8481) at week 1 and week 4. To analyze the state of recovery, we assessed the TQR and obtained the average TQR of all sessions of 16.92 ± 2.10 (above very well recovered). GrA presented the highest means in weeks 1 and 4 (18.90 ± 1.09 and 19.25 ± 0.23) respectively (extremely well recovered) and GrB with the lowest means (15.53 ± 2.54) in week 1 and (14.62 2.69) in week 4. To analyze the recovered stress, the RESTQ-Sport was used, where the was distributed in 19 scales and performed in week 1. In the General Stress scales, the GrC presented values considered “moderate”; in the General Recovery scales, the GrA presented the values considered “high; in the Sport Stress scales GrA had values considered “low” and in the Specific Recovery scale GrA had values considered “high”. In the comparison between physical performance, internal training load and performance, as a variable physical performance were moderately associated with CTD. Between the right impulsion, the left impulsion, the jump jump and the monotony a was very weak and in relation to the strain it was weak. As for physical performance and TQR, the association was very strong only in the right horizontal jump. We conclude that training load training in all training periods is essential for a team of simple and easy-to-use equipment, using low cost, applicability, with auxiliary reliability such as technical commissions.
Descrição
Este trabalho foi expressamente elaborado como dissertação original para efeitos de obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências do Desporto, com especialização em Avaliação e Prescrição na Atividade Física, de acordo com o disposto no Decreto-Lei n.º 74/2006, de 24 de março, na redação dada pelo Decreto-Lei n.º 115/2013, de 7 de agosto e Regulamento n.º 658/2016 publicado no Diário da República, 2.ª série N.º 133 13 de julho de 2016
Palavras-chave
Carga de treinamento , Desempenho físico