Bullying: estudo de prevalências e relação com traços de psicopatia
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2014-04-08
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O objetivo da presente investigação foi realizado com o pressuposto de determinar a relação entre comportamentos violentos (bullying), e traços de psicopatia em adolescentes. Através das prevalências pretendeu-se também verificar a percentagem de vítimas e agressores (bullers) de acordo com os quatro fatores (física, social, verbal e ataque à propriedade, relativamente à amostra global, faixa etária, género, tipo de ensino, escolaridade, rendimento escolar, reprovações e classificação do seu comportamento.
A amostra da presente investigação foi constituída por 428 adolescentes com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 17 anos de idade (M= 14,68; SD= 1,438). Estes jovens frequentavam escolas do ensino regular (n=342) e escolas de ensino profissional (n=86). Do total, 230 pertencem ao género feminino e 192 ao género masculino.
Para avaliar a vitimização e agressão foi utilizada a escala Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale, na sua adaptação para Portugal (Veiga, 2007). Para avaliação dos traços de psicopatia em adolescentes recorremos à versão adaptada do inventário de psicopatia para a adolescência –o YPI, de Andershed, Kerr, Satin, e Levander (2002).
A análise dos resultados permitiu verificar que as vítimas sistemáticas são atingidas maioritariamente por bullying de âmbito verbal (36,7%), que corrobora com as respostas dos agressores, que aludem que utilizam maioritariamente a violência verbal.
Foi possível verificar que as prevalências de vítimas físicas sistemáticas foram superiores nos rapazes (17,7%). Quanto à idade, as maiores prevalências de vitimização física são nos alunos que têm 14 e 16 anos (15,5% e 16,4%), a menor prevalência situa-se na idade dos 12 anos (9,4%). Nos alunos do ensino regular (14,6%) a prevalência é maior do que no profissional (12,8%). À semelhança de outras investigações, a proporção de agressores mostrou-se superior no sexo masculino quer a nível de agressão física, social verbal e ataque à propriedade.
Podemos afirmar que perante o estudo em duas superdimensões (grandioso manipulativo, frio e não emocional) das três superdimensões do YPI os indivíduos apenas agressores, são quem tem uma pontuação mais elevada, mostrando que estes apresentam maiores traços de psicopatia.
No YPI total os indivíduos apenas agressores são os que apresentam maior média, seguido dos indivíduos que são vitimas e agressores simultaneamente.
The main goal of the current investigation has been released with the purpose of determine the relationship between violent behaviors (bullying) and traces of psychopathy amongst teenagers. By the prevalences, we pretend also to verify the percentage of victims and aggressors (bullers), according with the four factors: physique, social, verbal and the strike to the property, in relation with the global sample, age group, gender, type of education, schooling, school performance, reproofs, classification of his/her behavior. The sample of the present investigation has been constitued by 428 adolescents with ages from 12 to 17 years old. These young people frequented schools from the regular education and schools from vocacional. Totally, 230 belong to the femal gender and 192 to the male gender. To assess victimization and aggression scale was used Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale , its adaptability to Portugal (Veiga, 2007) . To evaluate the traits of psychopathy in adolescents resort to the adapted version of the inventory of psychopathy to adolescence it YPI of Andershed , Kerr , Satin , and Levander (2002) . The analysis has shown that the systematic victims are affected mostly by the context of verbal bullying (36.7 %) , which agrees with the responses of the attackers, who allude using mostly verbal violence . It was possible to verify that the prevalence of systematic physical casualties were higher in boys (17.7%). Regarding age, the highest prevalence of physical victimization are the students who are 14 and 16 years (15.5 % and 16.4 % ) the lowest prevalence is in the age of 12 years ( 9.4% ) . In regular students (14.6 %) prevalence is higher than in professional (12.8 %) . As in other studies, the proportion of offenders was higher in males both in terms of physical, social and verbal attack on property. We can say that before the study in two (grand manipulative , cold and unemotional ) the three YPI superdimensões the individuals only offenders are those who have a higher score , showing that they have higher traits of psychopathy. In YPI Total individuals only offenders are those with the highest average , followed by individuals who are both victims and perpetrators .
The main goal of the current investigation has been released with the purpose of determine the relationship between violent behaviors (bullying) and traces of psychopathy amongst teenagers. By the prevalences, we pretend also to verify the percentage of victims and aggressors (bullers), according with the four factors: physique, social, verbal and the strike to the property, in relation with the global sample, age group, gender, type of education, schooling, school performance, reproofs, classification of his/her behavior. The sample of the present investigation has been constitued by 428 adolescents with ages from 12 to 17 years old. These young people frequented schools from the regular education and schools from vocacional. Totally, 230 belong to the femal gender and 192 to the male gender. To assess victimization and aggression scale was used Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale , its adaptability to Portugal (Veiga, 2007) . To evaluate the traits of psychopathy in adolescents resort to the adapted version of the inventory of psychopathy to adolescence it YPI of Andershed , Kerr , Satin , and Levander (2002) . The analysis has shown that the systematic victims are affected mostly by the context of verbal bullying (36.7 %) , which agrees with the responses of the attackers, who allude using mostly verbal violence . It was possible to verify that the prevalence of systematic physical casualties were higher in boys (17.7%). Regarding age, the highest prevalence of physical victimization are the students who are 14 and 16 years (15.5 % and 16.4 % ) the lowest prevalence is in the age of 12 years ( 9.4% ) . In regular students (14.6 %) prevalence is higher than in professional (12.8 %) . As in other studies, the proportion of offenders was higher in males both in terms of physical, social and verbal attack on property. We can say that before the study in two (grand manipulative , cold and unemotional ) the three YPI superdimensões the individuals only offenders are those who have a higher score , showing that they have higher traits of psychopathy. In YPI Total individuals only offenders are those with the highest average , followed by individuals who are both victims and perpetrators .
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Psicopatia , Vítimas , Bullying , Agressores