Bem-estar subjectivo e auto-estima em idosos praticantes de actividade física
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2013
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Introdução: Com a crescente preocupação de proporcionar um envelhecimento bem-sucedido e a necessidade de criar condições que garantem qualidade de vida aos de mais idade, surge a actividade física como um papel importante na promoção do bem-estar subjectivo e da auto-estima dos idosos. Assim o objectivo principal deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre o nível de actividade física, o bem-estar subjectivo e a auto-estima em idosos. Metodologia: A amostra foi constituída por 132 idosos (66 do género feminino e 66 do masculino), praticantes de actividade física, com idades compreendidas entre os 65 e 98 anos de idade (77,20±6,854). A componente cognitiva do bem-estar subjectivo foi avaliada através da Escala da Satisfação com a Vida e a componente afectiva através da Escala de Avaliação dos Afectos Positivos e Negativos. Utilizamos ainda a Escala de Auto-Estima Global de Rosenberg e o Questionário de Actividade Física de Baecke. Para a comparação de dois ou mais grupos respectivamente utilizamos o T-teste e a ANOVA e, para verificar o grau de associação entre as variáveis utilizamos o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: Os resultados do nosso estudo indicaram não haver diferenças significativas quanto ao bem-estar subjectivo e à auto-estima em função do género. Relativamente à institucionalização verificou-se diferenças significativas nos afectos negativos (p=0,041), apresentando valores superiores os idosos não institucionalizados. Quanto ao nível de actividade física, verificou-se diferenças significativas, na satisfação com a vida (p=0,001), nos afectos positivos (p=0,000) e na auto-estima (p=0,001), sendo que os idosos muito activos foram os que apresentaram mais satisfação com a vida e mais auto-estima. Nas correlações do bem-estar subjectivo e da auto-estima, verificou-se que a satisfação com a vida apresentou, uma correlação significativa com o tempo de prática de actividade física (p=0,028) e o total de actividade física (p=0,045) dos idosos. Nos afectos positivos verificou-se uma correlação positiva com todas as outras variáveis e nos afectos negativos apenas com as actividades domésticas (p=0,030). Na auto-estima verificou-se, uma correlação significativa com a idade dos idosos (p=0,043), o tempo de prática de actividade física (p=0,000), actividades desportivas (p=0,002), actividades domésticas (p=0,001) e total de actividade física (p=0,000). Conclusões: Este estudo revela que a prática de actividade física tem um impacto positivo nos níveis de bem-estar subjectivo e de auto-estima nos idosos, sendo que quanto mais activos forem os idosos mais elevados são os valores destas variáveis psicológicas.
Introduction: Due to the growing concern of providing a successful aging and to the need of creating conditions that guarantee quality of life to the older people it is believed that physical activity plays an important role in the promotion of the elderly subjective well-being and their self-esteem. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyse the relation between the level of physical activity, the subjective well-being and self-esteem in old people. Methodology: The sample of this study was constituted by 132 elder people (66 females and 66 males) that practised physical activity, with an age range between 65 and 98 years old (77,20±6,854). The cognitive component of the subjective well-being was evaluated through the Scale of Life Satisfaction and the affective component through the Evaluation Scale of Positive and Negative affections. We also used Rosenberg’s Global Self-Esteem Scale and Baecke’s Physical Activity Questionnaire. To compare two or more groups we used the T-test and ANOVA, and to check the degree of association between variables we used Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The results of our study show there are no significant differences in the subjective well-being and self-esteem in relation to gender. As far as institutionalization is concerned there were significant differences in the negative affections (p=0,041), presenting higher numbers the elderly who are not institutionalized. In relation to physical activity, there were significant differences in life satisfaction (p=0,001), in the positive affections (p=0,000) and in self-esteem, since the active older people were the ones who shown more life satisfaction and self-esteem. In the correlations between subjective well-being and self-esteem, it has been verified that life satisfaction has presented a significant correlation with the time spent in the practice of physical activity (p=0,028) and the total of physical activity of the elderly (p=0,045). In the positive affections there is a positive correlation with every other variables and in the negative affections there is only positive relation with domestic activities (p=0,030). It has been verified a significant correlation between self-esteem and the age of the elderly, the time spent in the practice of physical activity (p=0,000), the practice of sports (p=0,002), domestic activities (p=0,001) and the total of physical activity (p=0,000). Conclusions: This study reveals that practising physical activity has a positive impact in the levels of the subjective well-being and self-esteem in the elderly, since the more active they are, the higher are the numbers of these psychological variables.
Introduction: Due to the growing concern of providing a successful aging and to the need of creating conditions that guarantee quality of life to the older people it is believed that physical activity plays an important role in the promotion of the elderly subjective well-being and their self-esteem. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyse the relation between the level of physical activity, the subjective well-being and self-esteem in old people. Methodology: The sample of this study was constituted by 132 elder people (66 females and 66 males) that practised physical activity, with an age range between 65 and 98 years old (77,20±6,854). The cognitive component of the subjective well-being was evaluated through the Scale of Life Satisfaction and the affective component through the Evaluation Scale of Positive and Negative affections. We also used Rosenberg’s Global Self-Esteem Scale and Baecke’s Physical Activity Questionnaire. To compare two or more groups we used the T-test and ANOVA, and to check the degree of association between variables we used Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The results of our study show there are no significant differences in the subjective well-being and self-esteem in relation to gender. As far as institutionalization is concerned there were significant differences in the negative affections (p=0,041), presenting higher numbers the elderly who are not institutionalized. In relation to physical activity, there were significant differences in life satisfaction (p=0,001), in the positive affections (p=0,000) and in self-esteem, since the active older people were the ones who shown more life satisfaction and self-esteem. In the correlations between subjective well-being and self-esteem, it has been verified that life satisfaction has presented a significant correlation with the time spent in the practice of physical activity (p=0,028) and the total of physical activity of the elderly (p=0,045). In the positive affections there is a positive correlation with every other variables and in the negative affections there is only positive relation with domestic activities (p=0,030). It has been verified a significant correlation between self-esteem and the age of the elderly, the time spent in the practice of physical activity (p=0,000), the practice of sports (p=0,002), domestic activities (p=0,001) and the total of physical activity (p=0,000). Conclusions: This study reveals that practising physical activity has a positive impact in the levels of the subjective well-being and self-esteem in the elderly, since the more active they are, the higher are the numbers of these psychological variables.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências do Desporto, Especialização em Actividades de Academia
Palavras-chave
Atividade física , Idosos , Autoestima , Bem-estar subjetivo