Gestão estratégica ferroviária e suas implicações no desenvolvimento regional: el Ferrocarril de La Robla e a Linha do Tua
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2015-04-22
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As orientações estratégicas definidas para o setor ferroviário em Portugal têm contribuído
para o progressivo encerramento de vários troços e linhas da rede ferroviária nacional
considerados deficitários e pouco rentáveis. Este processo de encerramento tem afetado
sobretudo o transporte ferroviário regional e penalizado várias regiões e localidades dado
que praticamente deixam de ter serviço público ferroviário. Associada à desativação e
encerramento surge uma outra realidade – o abandono das infraestruturas ferroviárias. Em
Portugal a estratégia tem sido a reconversão de linhas encerradas em ecopistas e esta
opção prioritária tem colocado de parte o regresso do comboio. Nos últimos 25 anos o único
troço que reabriu ao tráfego ferroviário após encerramento, foi em 1995 e corresponde ao
troço da Linha do Tua, entre Carvalhais e Mirandela (4 km). A realidade portuguesa
contrasta com a europeia, onde o caminho de ferro regional é parte integrante e
fundamental de uma rede de transportes e desempenha um papel importante na mobilidade,
na economia e no desenvolvimento local e regional.
Em Espanha há linhas desativadas, que mais tarde reabriram ao tráfego ferroviário.
Encerrada parcialmente em 1991 reabre em 2003, em toda a sua extensão (340 km), a linha
regional León – Bilbao, também conhecida como Ferrocarril de La Robla. A reabertura e
renovação integral desta via férrea, contribuiu para melhorar o transporte de mercadorias e
de passageiros, potenciar turismo ferroviário e foi um “catalisador-chave” para a criação de
novas atividades económicas e culturais em torno do caminho-de-ferro. Contrastando com
esta realidade o encerramento progressivo da Linha do Tua trouxe graves consequências às
regiões por ela servidas.
Neste trabalho de investigação efetuou-se uma análise documental desde as infraestruturas
de transporte e desenvolvimento regional ao transporte ferroviário de carácter regional. Foi
feita uma comparação entre a Linha do Tua e o Ferrocarril de La Robla e são apresentadas
propostas na perspetiva da Gestão Estratégica para um cenário de uma eventual reabertura
da Linha do Tua, com base na apresentação de uma ferramenta de controlo de gestão – o
Balanced Scorecard, um Mapa Estratégico e uma infografia onde constam algumas
propostas de investimento.
The strategic guidelines defined for the railway sector in Portugal contributed for the gradual closure of several sections and lines of the national rail network considered deficitary and barely profitable. This closure process has been affecting mostly the regional rail transport service thus penalising several regions and towns considering that they don't keep a rail service anymore. Along with the deactivation and closure another reality emerges: the abandonement of the railway infrastructures. In Portugal, the convertion of rail lines into greenways has been a strategy adopted and this prioritary way of acting has been putting aside the return of the train. In the past 25 years, only a section of previously closed line has been reopened to rail traffic in 1995 and it was a section of the Tua line between Carvalhais and Mirandela (4 km). The portuguese reality is in strong contrast with the european one where regional railways are a fundamental and integral part of a transport network and it plays an important role in mobility, economy and local and regional development. In Spain some formerly deactivated lines have reopened rail traffic. Partially closed in 1991, the regional line León-Bilbao – also known as the Ferrocarril de La Robla, reopens in its full length of 340 km in 2003. The reopening and full renovation of this rail line has positively contributed to improve the transportation of goods and passangers, potentiate railway tourism and it was a catalyst to the creation of new cultural and economic activities surrounding the railway reality. In opposition to this reality the gradual closure of the Tua line has brought serious damage to the regions it once served. In this research work a documental analisys has been made from the transport infrastructures and regional development to the regional railway transportation. A comparison is established between the Tua line and the Ferrocarril de la Robla and proposals are made in the the Strategic Management perspective, towards an eventual reopening of the Tua line based on the presentation of a management control tool – the Balanced Scoreboard, a strategical map and an infography where investment scenaries are displayed.
The strategic guidelines defined for the railway sector in Portugal contributed for the gradual closure of several sections and lines of the national rail network considered deficitary and barely profitable. This closure process has been affecting mostly the regional rail transport service thus penalising several regions and towns considering that they don't keep a rail service anymore. Along with the deactivation and closure another reality emerges: the abandonement of the railway infrastructures. In Portugal, the convertion of rail lines into greenways has been a strategy adopted and this prioritary way of acting has been putting aside the return of the train. In the past 25 years, only a section of previously closed line has been reopened to rail traffic in 1995 and it was a section of the Tua line between Carvalhais and Mirandela (4 km). The portuguese reality is in strong contrast with the european one where regional railways are a fundamental and integral part of a transport network and it plays an important role in mobility, economy and local and regional development. In Spain some formerly deactivated lines have reopened rail traffic. Partially closed in 1991, the regional line León-Bilbao – also known as the Ferrocarril de La Robla, reopens in its full length of 340 km in 2003. The reopening and full renovation of this rail line has positively contributed to improve the transportation of goods and passangers, potentiate railway tourism and it was a catalyst to the creation of new cultural and economic activities surrounding the railway reality. In opposition to this reality the gradual closure of the Tua line has brought serious damage to the regions it once served. In this research work a documental analisys has been made from the transport infrastructures and regional development to the regional railway transportation. A comparison is established between the Tua line and the Ferrocarril de la Robla and proposals are made in the the Strategic Management perspective, towards an eventual reopening of the Tua line based on the presentation of a management control tool – the Balanced Scoreboard, a strategical map and an infography where investment scenaries are displayed.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão
Palavras-chave
Gestão estratégica , Desenvolvimento regional , Caminhos de ferro , Balanced Scorecard , Ferrocarril de La Robla , Linha do Tua